Folkways. William Graham Sumner

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СКАЧАТЬ Sieroshevski, Yakuty, 558.

52 See Chapter XIV.

53 Ratzel, Hist. Mankind, II, 276.

54 W. R. Smith, Religion of the Semites, 299.

55 Herodotus, IV, 186.

56 Porphyry, De Abstin., II, 11; Herodotus, II, 41.

57 W. R. Smith, Religion of the Semites, 88.

58 Monier-Williams, Brahmanism and Hinduism, 324.

59 Ibid., 101.

60 Wilkins, Hinduism, 299.

61 Ibid., 125.

62 JASB, IV, 353.

63 Fritsch, Eingeborenen Südafr., 57.

64 Bijdragen tot T. L. en V.-kunde, XLI, 203.

65 See Chapter XX

66 Hereditary Genius, 34.

67 Ammon, Gesellschaftsordnung, 53.

68 Ammon made the diagram symmetrical.

69 Hereditary Genius, 25, 47.

70 Lapouge affirms that "in different historical periods, and over the whole earth, racial differences between classes of the same people are far greater than between analogous classes of different peoples," and that "between different classes of the same population there may be greater racial differences than between different populations" (Pol. Anth. Rev., III, 220, 228). He does not give his definition of class.

71 Ammon, Gesellschaftsordnung, 49.

72 PSM, LX, 218.

73 Lecky, Morals, I, 262.

74 Symonds, Catholic Reaction, I, 455.

75 Gumplowicz, Soziologie, 126.

76 "In the reigns of Theodosius and Honorius, imperial edicts and rescripts were paralyzed by the impalpable, quietly irresistible force of a universal social need or sentiment."—Dill, Rome from Nero to M. Aurel., 255.

77 v. Hartmann, Phänom. des Sittl. Bewusztseins, 73.

78 Lazarus in Ztsft. für Völkerpsy., I, 439.

79 Human Faculty, 216.

80 Wilkins, Mod. Hinduism, 195.

81 Wilkins, Mod. Hinduism, 317.

82 Hearn, Japan, 11.

83 Ibid., 16.

84 Ibid., 391.

85 Ibid., 199.

86 Ibid., 191.

87 Hearn, Japan, 107, 187, 411.

88 Williams, Middle Kingdom; Smith, Chinese Characteristics.

89 Nivedita, Web of Indian Life, 150.

CHAPTER II

       Table of Contents

      CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORES

      Introduction.—The mores have the authority of facts.—Whites and blacks in southern society.—The mores are unrecorded.—Inertia and rigidity of the mores.—Persistency of the mores.—Persistency against new religion.—Roman law.—Effects of Roman law on later mores.—Variability of the mores.—The mores of New England.—Revolution.—The possibility of modifying the mores.—Russia.—Emancipation in Russia and in the United States.—Arbitrary change in the mores.—The case of Japan.—The case of India.—The reforms of Joseph II.—Adoption of the mores of another age.—What changes are possible.—Dissent from the mores. Group orthodoxy.—Retreat and isolation to start new mores.—Social policy.—Degenerate and evil mores.—The correction of aberrations in the mores.—The mores of advance and decline; cases.—The Greek temper in prosperity.—Greek pessimism.—Greek degeneracy.—Sparta.—The optimism of advance and prosperity.—Antagonism between an individual and the mores of the group.—Antagonism of earlier and later mores.—Antagonism between groups in respect to mores.—Missions and mores.—Missions and antagonistic mores.—Modification of the mores by agitation.—Capricious interest of the masses.—How the group becomes homogeneous.—Syncretism.—The art of administering society.

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