The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ earlier Faroese proposals for full independence have been deferred; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm

      page last updated on January 19, 2011

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      @Fiji (Australia-Oceania)

      Introduction ::Fiji

      Background:

      Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987 caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). The coups and a 1990 constitution that cemented native Melanesian control of Fiji led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. A new constitution enacted in 1997 was more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a civilian-led coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government led by Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. Re-elected in May 2006, QARASE was ousted in a December 2006 military coup led by Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA, who initially appointed himself acting president but in January 2007 became interim prime minister. Since taking power BAINIMARAMA has neutralized his opponents, crippled Fiji's democratic institutions, and refused to hold elections.

      Geography ::Fiji

      Location:

      Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

      Geographic coordinates:

      18 00 S, 175 00 E

      Map references:

      Oceania

      Area:

      total: 18,274 sq km country comparison to the world: 156 land: 18,274 sq km

      water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than New Jersey

      Land boundaries:

      0 km

      Coastline:

      1,129 km

      Maritime claims:

      measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

      territorial sea: 12 nm

      exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added

      Climate:

      tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

      Terrain:

      mostly mountains of volcanic origin

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

      highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m

      Natural resources:

      timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 10.95%

      permanent crops: 4.65%

      other: 84.4% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      30 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      28.6 cu km (1987)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.07 cu km/yr (14%/14%/71%)

      per capita: 82 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; soil erosion

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      includes 332 islands; approximately 110 are inhabited

      People ::Fiji

      Population:

      875,983 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 30.3% (male 146,327/female 140,327)

      15–64 years: 64.9% (male 307,077/female 305,886)

      65 years and over: 4.8% (male 20,300/female 24,803) (2010 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 26.6 years

      male: 26.4 years

      female: 26.8 years (2010 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.827% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

      Birth rate:

      21.52 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

      Death rate:

      5.88 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

      Net migration rate:

      −7.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 209

      Urbanization:

      urban population: 52% of total population (2008)

      rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at СКАЧАТЬ