The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ - current issues: soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Climate Change, Law of the Sea

      Geography - note: landlocked

      @Belarus:People

      Population: 10,412,219 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 21% (male 1,092,760; female 1,047,992) 15–64 years : 66% (male 3,346,111; female 3,547,352) 65 years and over: 13% (male 452,267; female 925,737) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: −0.01% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 9.75 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 13.23 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 13.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.4 years male: 62.48 years female: 74.61 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.35 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Belarusian(s) adjective: Belarusian

      Ethnic groups: Byelorussian 77.9%, Russian 13.2%, Polish 4.1%,

       Ukrainian 2.9%, other 1.9%

      Religions: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic,

       Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)

      Languages: Byelorussian, Russian, other

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male : 99% female: 97% (1989 est.)

      @Belarus:Government

      Country name: conventional long form : Republic of Belarus conventional short form: Belarus local long form: Respublika Byelarus' local short form: none former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

      Data code: BO

      Government type: republic

      National capital: Minsk

      Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts') and one municipality* (harady, singular - horad); Brestskaya (Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'), Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya (Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow), Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

      Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union); the Belarusian

       Supreme Soviet issued a proclamation of independence; on 17 July 1990

       Belarus issued a declaration of sovereignty

      National holiday: Independence Day, 3 July (1990); note - date set by referendum of November 1996

      Constitution: referendum of 27 November 1996 (declared illegitimate by the international community) adopted a new constitution massing power in the hands of the president; signed into law on 28 November 1996

      Legal system: based on civil law system

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Sergey LING (acting since NA November 1996, confirmed NA February 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Pyotr PROKOPOVICH (since NA); Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir GARKUN (since NA), Valeriy KOKAREV (since NA), Vladimir RUSAKEVICH (since NA), Vasyl DALGALYOV (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 2001 because of the additional two years provided by the November 1996 referendum); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Aleksandr LUKASHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 85%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 15% note: first presidential elections took place in June-July 1994

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament established by the 28 November Constitution consists of the Council of the Republic (64 seats; the president appoints 8 and each oblast plus the Minsk city government elect 8) and the Chamber of Representatives (110 seats; note - present members came from the defunct Supreme Soviet) elections: last held May and November-December 1995 (two rounds, each with a run-off; next to be held NA 2000) election results : percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 42, Agrarian 33, CAB 9, Party of People's Concord 8, UPNAZ 2, SDPB 2, BPR 1, Green Party 1, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 1, BSP 1, NFB 1, Social and Sports Party 1, Ecological Party 1, independents 95, vacant 62; note - after the November 1996 referendum, seats for the Chamber of Representatives were filled by former Supreme Soviet members as follows: PKB 24, Agrarian 14, Party of Peoples Concord 5, LDPB 1, UPNAZ 1, Green World Party 1, Belarusian Social Sports Party 1, Ecological Party 1, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 1, independents 60; 58 of the 64 seats in the Council of the Republic have been appointed/elected

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president; Constitutional Court, half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives

      Political parties and leaders: Belarusian Communist Party or KPB

       [Yefrem SOKOLOV and Viktor CHIKIN, chairmen]; Agrarian Party

       [Aleksandr PAVLOV, chairman]; Civic Accord Bloc (United Civic Party)

       or CAB [Stanislav BOGDANKEVICH, chairman]; Party of People's Concord

       [Leonid SECHKO, chairman]; Party of All-Belarusian Unity and Concord

       or UPNAZ [Dmitriy BULAKOV, chairman]; Belarusian Social-Democrat

       Hramada or SDBP [Nikolai STATKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Patriotic

       Movement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatol BARANKEVICH];

       Green Party of Belarus [Nikolai KARTASH, chairman]; Republican Party

       of Labor and Justice [Anatol NETYLKIN, chairman]; Belarus Peasants or

       BSP [Yevgeniy LUGIN, chairman]; Belarusian Popular Front or NFB [Levon

       BARSHEVSKIY, acting chairman]; Belarusian Social Sports Party

       [Aleksandr ALEKSANDROVICH, chairman]; Ecological Party [Liudmila

       YELIZAROVA, chairman]; National Democratic Party of Belarus or NDPB

       [Viktor NAUMENKO, chairman]; United Democratic Party of Belarus or

       СКАЧАТЬ