The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ (GNP) is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, plus income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production. The Factbook uses GDP rather than GNP to measure national production.

      Government: This category includes the entries dealing with the system for the adoption and administration of public policy.

      Government type: This entry gives the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).

      Government—note: This entry includes miscellaneous government information of significance not included elsewhere.

      Gross domestic product: see GDP

      Gross national product: see GNP

      Gross world product: see GWP

      GWP: This entry gives the gross world product (GWP) or aggregate value of all final goods and services produced worldwide in a given year.

      Heliports: This entry gives the total number of helicopter takeoff and landing sites (which may or may not have fuel or other services).

      Highways: This entry includes the total length of the highway system as well as the length of the paved and unpaved components.

      Historical perspective: This entry contains a brief summary of the background information necessary to understand the current situation in a country. The entry appears for only a few countries at the present time, but will be added to all countries in the future.

      Illicit drugs: This entry gives information on the five categories of illicit drugs—narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside of medical channels.

      Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol), hashish (hash), and hashish oil (hash oil).

      Coca (mostly Erythroxylum coca) is a bush with leaves that contain the stimulant used to make cocaine. Coca is not to be confused with cocoa, which comes from cacao seeds and is used in making chocolate, cocoa, and cocoa butter.

      Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush.

      Depressants (sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid).

      Drugs are any chemical substances that effect a physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral change in an individual.

      Drug abuse is the use of any licit or illicit chemical substance that results in physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral impairment in an individual.

      Hallucinogens are drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness, and emotion. Hallucinogens include LSD (acid, microdot), mescaline and peyote (mexc, buttons, cactus), amphetamine variants (PMA, STP, DOB), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, hog), phencyclidine analogues (PCE, PCPy, TCP), and others (psilocybin, psilocyn).

      Hashish is the resinous exudate of the cannabis or hemp plant

       (Cannabis sativa).

      Heroin is a semisynthetic derivative of morphine.

      Mandrax is a trade name for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant.

      Marijuana is the dried leaves of the cannabis or hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).

      Methaqualone is a pharmaceutical depressant, referred to as mandrax in

       Southwest Asia.

      Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain, often induce sleep, and refer to opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes. Natural narcotics include opium (paregoric, parepectolin), morphine (MS-Contin, Roxanol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine, Empirin with codeine, Robitussan AC), and thebaine. Semisynthetic narcotics include heroin (horse, smack), and hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Synthetic narcotics include meperidine or Pethidine (Demerol, Mepergan), methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), and others (Darvon, Lomotil).

      Opium is the brown, gummy exudate of the incised, unripe seedpod of the opium poppy.

      Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the source for the natural and semisynthetic narcotics.

      Poppy straw concentrate is the alkaloid derived from the mature dried opium poppy.

      Qat (kat, khat) is a stimulant from the buds or leaves of Catha edulis that is chewed or drunk as tea.

      Quaaludes is the North American slang term for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant.

      Imports: This entry includes three subfields. Total value is the total US dollar amount of imports on a c.i.f. or f.o.b. basis. Commodities is a rank ordering of imported products starting with the most important and sometimes includes the percent of dollar value. Partners is a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important and sometimes includes the percent of dollar value.

      Independence: This entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from what nation.

      Industrial production growth rate: This entry gives the annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).

      Industries: This entry provides a rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output.

      Infant mortality rate: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births occurring in the same year. The infant mortality rate is often used an indicator of the level of health in a country.

      Inflation rate-consumer price index: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.

      International disputes: see Disputes—international

      International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.

      International organizations: This information is presented in Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups which includes the name, abbreviation, address, telephone, FAX, date established, aim, and members by category.

      Introduction: This category includes two entries—Current issues and

       Historical perspective.

      Irrigated land: This entry gives the number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.

      Judicial branch: This entry contains the name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.

      Labor force: This entry contains the total labor force figure and a rank ordering of component parts by occupation.

      Land boundaries: СКАЧАТЬ