The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ for fuel and building materials); desertification

      Environment - international agreements: party to : Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note: landlocked

      @Afghanistan:People

      Population: 23,738,085 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 43% (male 5,201,585; female 5,003,503) 15–64 years: 54% (male 6,680,687; female 6,208,463) 65 years and over : 3% (male 341,301; female 302,546) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 4.48% (1997 est.) note: this rate reflects the continued return of refugees

      Birth rate: 42.72 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 17.78 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 19.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years : 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 146.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population : 46.34 years male: 46.89 years female: 45.76 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.07 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan

      Ethnic groups: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)

      Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

      Languages: Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 31.5% male : 47.2% female: 15% (1995 est.)

      @Afghanistan:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Islamic State of Afghanistan conventional short form: Afghanistan local long form : Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afghanistan

      Data code: AF

      Government type: transitional government

      National capital: Kabul

      Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat);

       Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni,

       Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar,

       Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika,

       Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol

       note : there may be two new provinces of Nurestan (Nuristan) and

       Khowst

      Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

      National holiday: Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance

       Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August

      Constitution: none

      Legal system: a new legal system has not been adopted but all factions tacitly agree they will follow Islamic law (Shari'a)

      Suffrage: undetermined; previously males 15–50 years of age

      Executive branch: on 27 September 1996, the ruling members of the Afghan Government were displaced by members of the Islamic Taliban movement; the Islamic State of Afghanistan has no functioning government at this time, and the country remains divided among fighting factions note: the Taliban have declared themselves the legitimate government of Afghanistan; the UN has deferred a decision on credentials and the Organization of the Islamic Conference has left the Afghan seat vacant until the question of legitimacy can be resolved through negotiations among the warring factions; the country is essentially divided along ethnic lines; the Taliban controls the capital of Kabul and approximately two-thirds of the country including the predominately ethnic Pashtun areas in southern Afghanistan; opposing factions have their stonghold in the ethnically diverse north - General DOSTAM's National Islamic Movement controls several northcentral provinces and Commander MASOOD controls the ethnic Tajik majority areas of the northeast

      Legislative branch: non-functioning as of June 1993

      Judicial branch: non-functioning as of March 1995, although there are local Shari'a (Islamic law) courts throughout the country

      Political parties and leaders: Taliban (Religious Students Movement),

       Mohammad OMAR; Supreme Defense Council of Afghanistan [comprised of

       Jumbesh-i-Melli Islami (National Islamic Movement), Abdul Rashid

       DOSTAM; Jamiat-i-Islami (Islamic Society), Burhanuddin RABBANI and

       Ahmad Shah MASOOD; and Hizbi Wahdat-Khalili faction (Islamic Unity

       Party), Abdul Karim KHALILI]; other smaller parties are Hizbi

       Islami-Gulbuddin (Islamic Party), Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR faction; Hizbi

       Islami-Khalis (Islamic Party), Yunis KHALIS faction; Ittihad-i-Islami

       Barai Azadi Afghanistan (Islamic Union for the Liberation of

       Afghanistan), Abdul Rasul SAYYAF; Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami (Islamic

       Revolutionary Movement), Mohammad Nabi MOHAMMADI;

       Jabha-i-Najat-i-Milli Afghanistan (Afghanistan National Liberation

       Front), Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI; Mahaz-i-Milli-Islami (National Islamic

       Front), Sayed Ahamad GAILANI; Hizbi Wahdat-Akbari faction (Islamic

       Unity Party), Mohammad Akbar AKBARI; Harakat-i-Islami (Islamic

       Movement), Mohammed Asif MOHSENI

      Political pressure groups and leaders: tribal elders represent

       traditional Pashtun leadership; Afghan refugees in Pakistan,

       Australia, US, and elsewhere have organized politically; Peshawar,

       Pakistan-based groups such as the Coordination Council for National

       Unity and Understanding in Afghanistan (CUNUA), Ishaq GAILANI; Writers

       Union of Free Afghanistan (WUFA), A. Rasul AMIN; Mellat (Social

       Democratic Party), leader NA

      International СКАЧАТЬ