2021 / 2022 ASVAB For Dummies. Angie Papple Johnston

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ you heard the word afoul in a sentence before? If you’ve heard of someone “running afoul of the law,” you can surmise that the word doesn’t mean correctly, easily, or disgusting — and that leaves you with Choice (B), which happens to be the right answer. It might be a fuzzy definition, but sometimes that’s all you need.

      Think of phrases you’ve heard that include these words (or variations of them), and then see whether you can guess their meanings.

       Abstain: “We had abstinence-only education in school.”

       Deduce: “I’ll try to deduce the answer based on what I know.”

       Malignant: “The tumor is malignant.”

       Credible: “Can you back that up with a credible source?”

      (Abstain is a verb that means to restrain oneself from doing something. Deduce is a verb that means to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning. Malignant is an adjective that means life-threatening, spiteful, or mean. Credible is an adjective that means believable.)

      How’s it feel? Letting the words speak to you

      Words can be positive or negative, and you can often tell which they are through context. In Word Knowledge questions that require you to find a word’s meaning based on the sentence it’s in, you can use the warm-fuzzy or cold-prickly feeling you get to rule out incorrect answers.

       David hoped that going to the amusement park would help him shake his melancholy mood.

      (A) joyful

      (B) sorrowful

      (C) thoughtful

      (D) excited

As long as it’s not raining, most people have fun at an amusement park (it’s nearly as much fun as basic training, where “If it ain’t raining, you ain’t training” is often the motto of the day). The sentence also says that David wants to “shake his melancholy mood,” which means melancholy can’t be a very good feeling. It must have a negative connotation (that cold-prickly feeling). You can rule out Choices (A) and (D), then, and think about what’s the opposite of fun — and that’s most likely Choice (B), because sorrowful means “down in the dumps.”

      Words and phrases such as “dread,” “looking forward to,” and “shied away from” all give you hints about a sentence’s tone, which can help you pick the right answer when you’re unsure. Even ruling out one or two incorrect answers can make a big difference in your score.

      Compare and contrast: Picking up on signals

      Many sentence-based Word Knowledge questions have context clues that can help you decipher the underlined word’s meaning. If you can pick up on the signal words that tell you about contrast and similarity, you’ll be able to boost your score and your vocabulary.

Signal words can be especially helpful in helping you predict a word’s meaning. Table 4-5 lists some common signal words and whether they indicate similarity or contrast.

TABLE 4-5 Signal Words

Signal Word	Indicates	Example
indeed	Similarity	“The children were happy; indeed, they couldn’t control their excitement.”
like	Similarity	“When I shook the soda bottle, it erupted like a volcano.”
too	Similarity	“The seniors were upset, and they were angry, too.”
although	Contrast	“Although she was hesitant, Cheryl voted to reopen the school.”
but	Contrast	“The class is difficult but fun.”
despite	Contrast	“The dog ate the ice cream despite having eaten 10 minutes before.”
however	Contrast	“Sadie applied at several colleges. However, only one accepted her.”
rather than	Contrast	“The movie is boring rather than enjoyable.”
while	Contrast	“Many troops are resourceful, while others are unimaginative.”

       He recoiled as if he had just seen a ghost.

      (A) cringed

      (B) laughed

      (C) shouted

      (D) endured

      The signal phrase in the question is “as if,” which is very similar to “like.” Knowing that, what’s the most likely answer? If you saw a ghost, you probably wouldn’t laugh, shout, or endure. (I’d run.) The most correct answer is Choice (A), cringed, because that’s far more likely to be your response than any of the other choices are.

      One of these things is not like the other: Ruling out wrong answers

One of the most successful ASVAB strategies involves ruling out answers that aren’t likely to be correct before settling on the one you think is right. When two answer choices mean almost the same thing, or when some choices don’t match the prefix, suffix, or root word, you can cross them off as possibilities.

       Inhabit most nearly means

      (A) vacate.

      (B) reside.

      (C) depart.

      (D) leave.

      Choices (A), (C), and (D) are all very similar in meaning, leaving only Choice (B), reside, as the clear front-runner.

      On the ASVAB, your choices aren’t likely to be this obvious, but you may be able to rule out two choices and give yourself a 50-50 chance of finding the correct answer.

      СКАЧАТЬ