The Political Thought of Calvin Coolidge. Thomas J. Tacoma

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ Nineteenth-Century Constitutional Thought,” Wisconsin Law Review, Vol. 1990, no. 6 (July, 1990): 1431–1547. Hegel did not initiate the turn to historicism, of course, but his historical thinking played a central role in the development of German thought, which greatly influenced American and British thinking.

      20.

      Pestritto, Wilson, 13.

      21.

      Pestritto, Wilson, 1–31.

      22.

      See generally George W. F. Hegel, The Philosophy of History, translated by John Sibree (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1991).

      23.

      Pestritto, Wilson, 16.

      24.

      Pestritto and Atto, “Introduction” to American Progressivism, 3–10. See also Scot J. Zentner, “President and Party in the Thought of Woodrow Wilson,” in Presidential Studies Quarterly 26, no. 3 (Summer, 1996): 666–677.

      25.

      William James, Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (Reprint: New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1931 [1907]), 54.

      26.

      James, Pragmatism, 51.

      27.

      James, Pragmatism, 54–55. Emphasis in original.

      28.

      James, Pragmatism, 80.

      29.

      James, Pragmatism, 209–210. To see how revolutionary pragmatism was, consider the implications of this theory for the truth claims made in the opening paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence.

      30.

      Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, 141–142.

      31.

      Watson, Living Constitution, Dying Faith, 111–154, especially the discussion of the jurisprudence of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 130–147.

      32.

      Watson, Living Constitution, 60–69.

      33.

      Sumner, quoted by Thomas G. West, “Progressivism and the Transformation of American Government,” in The Progressive Revolution in Politics and Political Science, 14.

      34.

      John G. West, “Darwin’s Public Policy: Nineteenth Century Science and the Rise of the American Welfare State,” in The Progressive Revolution, 253–286.

      35.

      Quoted in Hofstadter, Social Darwinism, 44.

      36.

      See Hofstadter, Social Darwinism, 30–55.

      37.

      See Irvin G. Wyllie, who concluded that the “nineteenth century literature of business success . . . took their texts from Christian moralists, not from Darwin and Spencer” (“Social Darwinism and the Businessman,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 103, no. 5 [October 1959]: 634; quoted in John G. West, 256).

      38.

      John G. West, “Darwin’s Public Policy,” 253–286.

      39.

      For what follows, see generally Gertrud Lenzer’s Introduction to Auguste Comte and Positivism: The Essential Writings (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975), xiv and following.

      40.

      Harp, Positivist Republic, 13.

      41.

      Marini, “Theology, Metaphysics, and Positivism,” in Challenges to the American Founding, 166.

      42.

      Harp, Positivist Republic, 14–18.

      43.

      Harp. Positivist Republic, xvi.

      44.

      Harp, Positivist Republic, 146.

      45.

      Harp, Positivist Republic, 195.

      46.

      Marini, “Positivism,” 189.

      47.

      For the religious background of social gospel thought, see Richard M. Gamble, The War for Righteousness: Progressive Christianity, the Great War, and the Rise of the Messianic Nation (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2003), especially 25–67.

      48.

      Mark Noll, History of Christianity in the United States and Canada (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1992), 305.

      49.

      Noll, History of Christianity, 306–7.

      50.

      Phillips, A Kingdom on Earth, 32.

      51.

      Gamble, War for Righteousness, 25–47. See also Robert T. Handy’s Introduction to The Social Gospel in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966), 3–12.

      52.

      Phillips. A Kingdom on Earth, 9–10. See also Ronald J. Pestritto, “Making the State into a God: American Progressivism and the Social Gospel,” in Progressive Challenges to the American Constitution: A New Republic, ed. Bradley C. S. Watson (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 144–159.

      53.

      This section relies heavily upon the works of Ronald J. Pestritto, especially his and Atto’s Introduction to American Progressivism, 1–32. See also his book, Woodrow Wilson and the Roots of Modern Liberalism (2005) for his interpretation of Wilsonian Progressivism. On Progressivism and administration, see his article, “The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis,” in Social Philosophy and Policy 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 16–54.

      54.

      Of course it would be possible to add to this list such ideas as the organic conception of the state or empiricism, but my goal is to concentrate on the truly unifying elements of Progressive thought.

      55. СКАЧАТЬ