The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Эдвард Гиббон
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СКАЧАТЬ under the reign of Gordian, from an accidental circumstance fully canvassed by Tillemont, tom. iii. p. 710, 1181.

       Ref. 080

      Plin. Hist. Natur. xvi. 1. The panegyrists frequently allude to the morasses of the Franks.

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      Tacit. Germania, c. 30, 37.

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      In a subsequent period most of those old names are occasionally mentioned. See some vestiges of them in Cluver. Germ. Antiq. l. iii.

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      Simler de Republicâ Helvet, cum notis Fuselin.

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      Zosimus, l. i. p. 27 .

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      [Zonaras, xii. 14.]

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      [M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus.]

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      [He was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers in 258, shortly after Gallienus had hastened from the Rhine frontier to the defence of the Danube. The emperor’s elder son and colleague, Valerian the Younger, who had been left at Köln to represent him, was slain by the rebels in 259. The reign of Postumus, one of the “thirty tyrants,” lasted till 268. Gibbon omits to mention the elder son of Gallienus, Valerian. Saloninus was the younger, but he was called Valerian after his brother’s death.]

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      M. de Brequigny (in the Mémoires de l’Académie, tom. xxx.) has given us a very curious life of Posthumus. A series of the Augustan History from Medals and Inscriptions has been more than once planned, and is still much wanted. [See Eckhel, vii. 439.]

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      [256-268 ad]

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      Aurel. Victor [Cæs.], c. 33 [§ 3]. Instead of Pæne direpto, both the sense and the expression require deleto, though, indeed, for different reasons, it is alike difficult to correct the text of the best and of the worst writers.

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      In the time of Ausonius (the end of the fourth century) Ilerda or Lerida was in a very ruinous state (Auson. Epist. xxv. 58), which probably was the consequence of this invasion. [See Orosius, vii. 22, 8.]

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      Valesius is therefore mistaken in supposing that the Franks had invaded Spain by sea.

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      Aurel. Victor [Cæs. 33]. Eutrop. ix. 6.

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      Tacit. Germania, 38 .

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      Cluver. German. Antiq. iii. 25.

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      Sic Suevi a ceteris Germanis, sic Suevorum ingenui a servis separantur. A proud separation!

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      Cæsar in Bello Gallico, iv. 7.

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      Victor in Caracal. [Cæs. 21]. Dion Cassius, lxxvii. p. 1350 . [The invaders were defeated by Caracalla, 213 ad]

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      This etymology (far different from those which amuse the fancy of the learned) is preserved by Asinius Quadratus, an original historian, quoted by Agathias, i. c. 5. [Another derivation is Alah-mannen, “men of the sanctuary,” referring to the wood of the Semnones. The identification of the Alamanni with the Suevians is very uncertain.]

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      The Suevi engaged Cæsar in this manner and the manœuvre deserved the approbation of the conqueror (in Bello Gallico, i. 48).

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      Hist. August. p. 215, 216 [xxvi. 18, 21]. Dexippus in the Excerpta Legationum, p. 8 [p. 11, ed. Bonn; F.H.G. iii. p. 682]. Hieronym. Chron. Orosius, vii. 22. [The first campaigns of Gallienus against the Alamanni were in 256 and 257. The invasion of Italy took place 259-260. Simultaneously another band invaded Gaul, and was subdued near Arelate; Gregory of Tours, i. 32.]

       Ref. 102

      Zosimus, l. i. p. 34 .

       Ref. 103

      [The original text has public. I have ventured to amend. Ed.]

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      Aurel. Victor in Gallieno et Probo [Cæsar. 34, 37]. His complaints breathe an uncommon spirit of freedom.

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      Zonaras, l. xii. p. 631 [24. This victory was probably gained in the same invasion which has been already described; Gallienus fell upon them as they were retreating. We need not assume two invasions, or doubt the statement of Zonaras.]

       Ref. 106

      One of the Victors calls him King of the Marcomanni, the other, of the Germans.

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      See Tillemont, Hist. des Empereurs, tom. iii. p. 398, &c. [She was only a concubine and must not be confounded with the empress Salonina.]

       Ref. 108

      See the lives of Claudius, Aurelian, and Probus, in the Augustan History. [Dacia was lost to the Goths about 255 or 256. The event is not recorded, but it is inferred from the fact that no coins or inscriptions in the province date from a later year than 255; see Mommsen, Römische Geschichte, v. 220, Hodgkin, i. 57.]

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      It is about half a league in breadth. Genealogical History of the Tartars, p. 598.

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      M. de Peyssonal, who had been French consul at Caffa, in his Observations sur les Peuples Barbares, qui ont habité les bords du Danube.

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      Euripides in Iphigenia in Taurid.

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      Strabo, l. vii. p. 309. The first kings of Bosphorus were the allies of Athens.

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      Appian in Mithridat. .

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