To Be An American. Bill Ong Hing

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СКАЧАТЬ will “tolerate harsher conditions, lower pay, [and] few upward trajectories” because opportunities in the United States are better than those in Third World sending countries. In his view (consistent with Piore’s), this attitude is even more likely to be held by undocumented aliens and others who view their stay in the United States as short term.³² These issues are addressed more fully in chapter 7.

       f. Texas

      Several labor market studies were conducted in Texas in the late 1970s that continue to have relevance today. Those focusing on Mexican migration consistently find new Mexican immigrants in unskilled jobs, and, as in Los Angeles, the group with which they compete most directly is earlier Mexican immigrants.

      An examination of a large sampling of native and immigrant workers in San Antonio revealed that undocumented aliens had little impact on native wages. About 70 percent of the undocumented workers were laborers or service workers whose jobs were subject to rapid turnover. While all workers of color in San Antonio generally had low wages, the problem was more the product of a lack of unions and the magnitude of low-skilled work, than the presence of undocumented immigrants.³³

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