Geochemistry. William M. White

Чтение книги онлайн.

      1  Cover

      2  Preface

      3  About the companion website

      4  Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 BEGINNINGS 1.3 GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 1.4 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 1.5 ELEMENTS, ATOMS, CRYSTALS, AND CHEMICAL BONDS: SOME CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS 1.6 A BRIEF LOOK AT THE EARTH 1.7 A LOOK AHEAD REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING NOTES

      5  Chapter 2: Energy, entropy, and fundamental thermodynamic concepts 2.1 THE THERMODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE 2.2 THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND EQUILIBRIUM 2.3 EQUATIONS OF STATE 2.4 TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE ZERO, AND THE ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 2.5 ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 2.6 THE SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY 2.7 ENTHALPY 2.8 HEAT CAPACITY 2.9 THE THIRD LAW AND ABSOLUTE ENTROPY 2.10 CALCULATING ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY CHANGES 2.11 FREE ENERGY 2.12 THE MAXWELL RELATIONS* 2.13 SUMMARY REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING PROBLEMS NOTES

      6  Chapter 3: Solutions and thermodynamics of multicomponent systems 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 PHASE EQUILIBRIA 3.3 SOLUTIONS 3.4 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL 3.5 IDEAL SOLUTIONS 3.6 REAL SOLUTIONS 3.7 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 3.8 IDEAL SOLUTIONS IN CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES 3.9 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS 3.10 PRACTICAL APPROACH TO ELECTROLYTE EQUILIBRIUM 3.11 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION 3.12 SUMMARY REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING PROBLEMS NOTES

      7  Chapter 4: Applications of thermodynamics to the Earth 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 ACTIVITIES IN NONIDEAL SOLID SOLUTIONS 4.3 EXSOLUTION PHENOMENA 4.4 THERMODYNAMICS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS 4.5 GEOTHERMOMETRY AND GEOBAROMETRY 4.6 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS OF MAGMAS 4.7 REPRISE: THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 4.8 SUMMARY REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING PROBLEMS NOTES

      8  Chapter 5: Kinetics: the pace of things 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 REACTION KINETICS 5.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS 5.4 DIFFUSION 5.5 SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND INTERFACE PROCESSES 5.6 KINETICS OF DISSOLUTION 5.7 DIAGENESIS 5.8 SUMMARY REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING PROBLEMS NOTES

      9  Chapter 6: Aquatic chemistry 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 ACID–BASE REACTIONS 6.3 COMPLEXATION 6.4 DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATION REACTIONS СКАЧАТЬ