Linux For Dummies. Richard Blum

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СКАЧАТЬ More up-to-date websites are available, such as linux-hardware.org.

       Vendor websites: Many hardware vendors do support Linux, but they don't make it easy to find information about it. In general, search the vendor's forums (if they have them) for the piece of hardware, the FAQ for the hardware, or follow the Support links to look for downloads for Linux. Don't download what you find if there are downloads. The point is to look and see if they exist. The driver (the software that tells the operating system how to use the hardware) available for download might actually be included in your Linux installation. Only download the driver from the vendor if this is the only way you can get it. If worse comes to worst, you might not find any information on the hardware in question involving Linux. However, again, this doesn't mean that the hardware won't work. Try it anyway if you already have the item. You find that it works fine. Or, you might not be able to use the very latest features, whereas the rest works just fine. (For example, with a latest-generation video card, the newest fancy features might not work, but you can still use it as a generic SVGA at the very least.)

       The dreaded manuals: When possible, keep your computer manuals (especially those for your video card and monitor) handy, just in case you need them to answer a question asked by the installer — most people don’t have to deal with this at all, but some do.

      LAPTOP CONSIDERATIONS

      The current distributions of Linux do very well on relatively new laptops. (See www.linux-laptop.net for an excellent research site on how Linux gets along with various makes and models.) If your laptop is a common brand, you shouldn’t encounter any problems installing Linux. However, some laptops resort to exotic hardware to squeeze all those fancy features into such tiny boxes. Sometimes Linux won't work with the extra fancy features on those laptops, such as touch screens, clickable mouse pads, and keyboard lights.

      If you plan to purchase a laptop for Linux, check out its hardware specs (such as network cards) to make sure they’re not Windows-specific. If the built-in or default hardware for the laptop is Win-labeled (or you discover while researching the machine that it contains a Win product, even if it isn’t properly labeled), you might be able to switch the offending hardware with an external device that plugs into the laptop using USB. Most current laptops contain at least one USB slot to give you a place to connect an external network card or sound card. As long as you stick with a common brand of external USB device, it should work well with Linux.

If you need to find out exactly what hardware is in your machine, you have the following options:

       Use an existing operating system to document your hardware. If your computer is already running Windows, you can collect a lot of information from the Windows environment. In Windows 10, right-click the Start menu icon in the taskbar, and then choose Device Manager. The Device Manager dialog box, shown in Figure 2-6, appears.

       Download a PC hardware-detect tool. Some hardware detection tools are also available on the Internet, such as Dr. Hardware. The Dr. Hardware tool contains lots of information about what's inside your machine. This tool is shareware, and the usage and fee information is available from the Gebhard Software website (www.dr-hardware.com/).

       Access the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), or for newer PCs the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) information. Stored in a small area of memory and retained by a battery, this is sometimes referred to as CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), which indicates the type of computer chip that can store and retain information. The amount of information stored in the BIOS or UEFI can range from very little to quite a lot. Some newer systems may display several screens of information about the computer's hardware.FIGURE 2-6: In Windows 10, the Device Manager gives you information on what hardware you have installed.If you choose to access the BIOS, make sure you do so before any operating systems load. Most manufacturers indicate the keyboard key (or key sequence) that gets you into the BIOS (or Setup) screen when the system is starting up — for example, Press Del to enter Setup. If you can’t find the keyboard sequence, check the manufacturer’s website. After you’ve entered the BIOS, you typically navigate around with the arrow keys, Tab key, or Enter key. Some BIOS environments also use the function keys; look for a list of function-key options at the top or bottom of the screen.

      

Be especially leery of labels on hardware boxes and websites that include the term Win (as in Windows). These components rely on Microsoft Windows to be able to function — even worse, the packaging may show nothing that suggests this limitation. Only a very slight chance exists that you can find a Linux driver for Win hardware. If you do find one, copy it to a USB stick before you install Linux.

Finally, Finally, Before You Get Started

      Before you can install Linux you need to make sure you and your PC are ready to boot a Linux distribution. You need to check two last things before you move onto the next chapter and install Linux:

       Ensure your PC can boot an alternative operating system.

       Create a bootable media for your Linux distribution.

The following two sections discuss both of these requirements in detail.

      Disabling the secure boot feature

      Thanks to all the various attacks against PCs these days, most modern PCs include extra security to prevent booting using an “unauthorized operating system.” Unfortunately, by default, the only authorized operating system for most PCs is Microsoft Windows (go figure). You need to disable this feature to boot most Linux distributions.

      Systems that use the UEFI boot method are locked down so that the boot record can’t be changed to either boot from Linux, or do a dual boot between Linux and Windows. You need to disable this feature so that you can install Linux on your PC.

      This feature is part of the UEFI settings page that you can only access when you boot your PC. You can access these settings by pressing a special key as the system first boots. Which key you need to press depends on your particular PC brand. Consult your owner's manual to find out which one that is.

      

Most UEFI PCs also use a feature called fast boot, which skips through many of the pre-boot checks previously performed by the BIOS and jumps right into booting Windows. You have to be extra speedy in pressing the correct key to get to the UEFI settings page!

      After you get to the UEFI settings pages you need to do some hunting. Different systems incorporate different security features. Look for settings related to Secure Boot, and make sure you set them to a Disabled value. When you're done, save the changes and exit the UEFI page.

      

Some Linux distributions have negotiated with Microsoft to include the necessary certification keys in their OS to be able to boot from UEFI with the secure boot feature enabled. Check with your particular Linux distribution to see if it supports this feature.

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