Linux For Dummies. Richard Blum

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Introduction

      Welcome to the fascinating world of open source software that is Linux. In this book, I introduce you to the wonders of the Linux operating system, originally created as a labor of love by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s. My goal is to initiate you into the rapidly growing ranks of Linux users and enthusiasts busily rewriting the rules for the operating system marketplace.

      If you’ve contemplated switching to Linux but find the prospect too forbidding, you can relax. If you can boil water or set your alarm clock, you too can become a Linux user. (No kidding!)

      When this book appeared in its first edition, Linux was an emerging phenomenon that was neither terribly well known nor understood. In this edition — for a new generation of Linux users — so much material is available that I've steered this particular title toward what Linux is and how you can make the best use of it on your desktop. To that end, these pages contain various online resources, tips, and tricks, as well as more general instruction. If you’re looking for material on servers, Linux All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies by Emmett Dulaney (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) can serve your needs.

      In this book, I keep the amount of technobabble to a minimum and stick with plain English as much as possible. Besides plain talk about Linux installation, boot up, configuration, and software, I include many examples, plus lots of detailed instructions to help you set up and use your very own Linux machine with a minimum of stress or confusion.

About This Book

Think of this book as a friendly, approachable guide to tackling terminology and the Linux collection of tools, utilities, and widgets. Although Linux isn’t terribly hard to figure out, it does pack a boatload of details, parameters, and administrivia (administrative trivia, in UNIX-speak). You need to wrestle those details into shape while you install, configure, manage, and troubleshoot a Linux-based computer. Some sample topics you find in this book include the following:

      Although it may seem, at first glance, that working with Linux requires years of hands-on experience, tons of trial and error, advanced computer science training, and intense dedication, take heart! It’s not true! If you can tell somebody how to find your office, you can certainly build a Linux system that does what you want. The purpose of this book isn’t to turn you into a full-blown Linux geek (that’s the ultimate state of Linux enlightenment, of course); it’s to show you the ins and outs that you need to master to build a smoothly functioning Linux system and to give you the know-how and confidence to use it.

How to Use This Book

      This book tells you how to install, configure, and customize a Linux desktop system. Although you can do most things in Linux these days by pointing and clicking, you still may want to try using Linux at the command prompt — where you type detailed instructions to load or configure software, access files, and do other tasks. In this book, input appears in monospace type like this:

       rmdir /etc/bin/devone

      When you type Linux commands or other related information, be sure to copy the information exactly as you see it in the book, including uppercase and lowercase letters, because that’s part of the magic that makes Linux behave properly.

      A failure to follow instructions exactly can have all kinds of unfortunate, unseemly, or unexpected side effects.

The margins of a book don’t give you the same amount of room as your computer screen; therefore, in this book, some URLs and lengthy commands at the command prompt may appear wrapped to the next line. Remember that your computer sees these wrapped lines as a single set of instructions, or as a single URL — so if you’re typing a hunk of text, keep it on a single line. Don’t insert a hard return if you see one of these wrapped lines. I clue you in that it’s supposed to be all one line by breaking the line at a slash mark or a natural word break (to imply “Wait — there’s more!”) and slightly indenting the overage, as in the following silly example:

       www.infocadabra.transylvania.com/nexus/plexus/lexus/ praxis/okay/this/is/a/make-believe/URL/but/some/real/ones/ are/SERIOUSLY/long.html

      Note that as you dig your way into and through this book — and other sources of Linux wit, wisdom, and inspiration that you’re likely to encounter — you may find some terms used interchangeably. For example, you may see the same piece of software called a program, a command, a utility, a script, an application, or a tool, depending on the source, the context, and the source of the information you’re consulting. To a large extent, you can treat these terms as interchangeable, and when an important distinction needs to be made among them, I point it out. Similarly, when you’re working with various commands or configuration controls, you may also encounter terms such as flag, switch, option, or parameter used more or less interchangeably. In this case, all these terms refer to ways in which you can control, refine, or modify basic commands or programs to make them do what you want. Again, wherever distinctions and clarifications may be needed, I provide them.

Three Presumptuous Assumptions

      They say that making assumptions makes a fool of the person who makes them and of the person about whom those assumptions are made. (And just who are they, anyway? I assume that I know, but — never mind.) Even so, practicality demands that I make a few assumptions about you, gentle reader:

      You don’t need to be a master logician or a wizard in the arcane art of programming to use this book, nor do you need a PhD in computer science. You don’t even need a complete or perfect understanding of what’s going on in your computer's innards.

If you have an active imagination and the ability to solve rudimentary problems, that’s even better — you have already mastered the key ingredients necessary to making Linux work for you. The rest are mere details and a bit of patience. I can help you with the details, but the patience is up to you!

Icons Used in This Book

      Within each chapter, icons highlight particularly important or useful information. You find the following icons in this book: