Tech Trends in Practice. Бернард Марр

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       In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue chess-playing machine beat world champion Garry Kasparov.4 Many hailed this as the start of machine intelligence catching up to human intelligence, but the reality is perhaps a little less compelling. Deep Blue used brute force computing power to consider every possible chess move, and that’s how it beat Kasparov. (Discover how machines learned to get a lot more creative at game-playing in Chapter 17.)

       In 2011, IBM’s Watson AI system beat two human contestants at the game show Jeopardy!.5 And not just any contestants – two of the most successful contestants the show had ever seen, who had won $5 million between them.

       In 2018, DeepMind’s AlphaStar AI beat one of the world’s most successful professional players of the real-time strategy game StarCraft II, in an impressive 5–0 victory.6

       In 2019, Microsoft revealed its Suphx AI can now beat top players at the complex Chinese tile game Mahjong. After 5,000 games, the AI was able to compete at 10th dan ranking (basically, super-expert level) – a feat that only 180 humans have ever been able to manage.7

       Also in 2019, we learned that AI can now solve a Rubik’s Cube in 1.2 seconds – that’s two seconds faster than the current world record holder (and about 20 years faster than the average human).8 The DeepCubeA system was created by researchers at the University of California, Irvine.

       A study published in The Lancet in 2019 found that AI is as good as human experts when it comes to diagnosing disease from medical images.10 Deep learning is showing enormous promise in diagnosing a range of diseases, including cancer and eye conditions.

       MIT researchers have developed an AI model that can predict the development of breast cancer up to five years in advance.11 Crucially, the system works as well for black and white patients, whereas similar projects in the past have often been based overwhelmingly on white patients.

       Infervision’s image recognition technology uses AI to look for signs of lung cancer in patient scans. The technology is already in use in healthcare settings across China.12

       Chinese search engine Sogou has confirmed it’s creating an AI that can read novels aloud, simulating the voice of their authors13 (in a similar way to how deepfakes can create realistic audio and video content of people in the public eye). This could revolutionize audiobooks, particularly for self-published authors who perhaps don’t have the means to create their own audiobooks.

       Sony has created an AI that can produce drumbeats for songs. Called AI DrumNet, the system was trained using hundreds of songs, and can now produce its own basic drumbeats to match other instruments on a track.14

       MIT researchers have taught AI how to reverse engineer pizza. After looking at a picture of a pizza, the AI can identify its toppings, and then tell you how to make it.15 Why do this, you might be wondering? In theory, this technology could be used to analyze any photo of food and produce a suitable recipe. So if you want to recreate an amazing restaurant meal at home, in a few years’ time there might be an app for that!