Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Группа авторов

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       References

       25 Benign Esophageal Strictures and Esophageal Narrowing Including Eosinophilic Esophagitis

       Peter D. Siersema

       Introduction

       Diagnostic Approaches

       General Approach Including Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

       Classification System

       Therapeutic Approaches

       Standard Technique

       Variations of Standard Techniques

       Novel Diseases Causing Esophageal Stricturing

       Eosinophilic Esophagitis

       Post–Endoscopic Resection

       Areas of Uncertainty, Experimental Techniques, and Research

       References

       26 Achalasia

       Froukje B van Hoeij, Paul Fockens, and Albert J Bredenoord

       Introduction

       Epidemiology

       Pathophysiology

       Etiology

       Clinical Presentation

       Diagnostic Approaches

       General Approach Including Equipment and Techniques

       Achalasia Subtypes

       Guidelines and Systematic Reviews

       Therapeutic Approaches

       Standard Techniques

       Guidelines and Systematic Reviews

       Areas of Uncertainty, Experimental Techniques, and Research

       References

       27 Advanced Esophageal Cancer

       Sheeva K. Parbhu and Douglas G. Adler

       Introduction

       Diagnosis and Classification

       Malignant Dysphagia

       Stents

       Cryotherapy

       Feeding Tubes

       Esophagorespiratory Fistulas

       Stents

       Clips

       Sutures

       Bleeding

       Conclusion

       References

       28 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Bleeding, Including Duodenal Ulcer

       Moe Kyaw, James Lau, and Joseph Jao Yiu Sung

       Introduction

       Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Bleeding

       Choice of Instrument for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

       Therapeutic Modalities for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

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