Супернавигаторы. О чудесах навигации в животном мире. Дэвид Барри
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Супернавигаторы. О чудесах навигации в животном мире - Дэвид Барри страница 15

СКАЧАТЬ route learning among different populations of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792)’, Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 44 (6). P. 349–358.

      44

      К этой категории относят рыб, способных генерировать электрические разряды величиной менее 1 В (тем не менее у некоторых слабоэлектрических рыб величина разряда может составлять до 7 В). Они используют электрические поля не для нападения или защиты, а для локации и внутривидовой сигнализации.

      45

      Речь идет о гнатонеме Петерса, он же нильский слоник, или убанги (Gnathonemus petersii).

      46

      Cain, P., & Malwal, S. (2002). ‘Landmark use and development of navigation behaviour in the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae; Teleostei)’, Journal of Experimental Biology, 205 (24). P. 3915–3923.

      47

      Clarke, D., Morley, E., & Robert, D. (2017). ‘The bee, the flower, and the electric field: electric ecology and aerial electroreception’, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 203 (9). P. 737–748.

      48

      Nucifraga columbiana.

      49

      Clarke, D., Morley, E., & Robert, D. (2017). ‘The bee, the flower, and the electric field: electric ecology and aerial electroreception’, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 203 (9). P. 737–748.

      50

      Bednikoff, Peter A. and Balda, Russell P., (2014). ‘Clark’s nutcracker spatial memory: The importance of large, structural cues’, Behavioural Processes, 102. P. 12–17.

      51

      См.: https://www.rothschildarchive.org/contact/faqs/rothschilds_and_ pigeon_post.

      52

      Biro, D., Freeman, R., Meade, J., Roberts, S., & Guilford, T. (2007). ‘Pigeons combine compass and landmark guidance in familiar route navigation’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (18). P. 7471–7476.

      53

      Ibid.

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 СКАЧАТЬ