Study Skills for Master's Level Students, revised edition. Sally Hayes Tyler

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СКАЧАТЬ a series of intellectual standards to which such thinking should conform.

      (Daly, 2001, p. 121)

ACTIVITY

      Refer back to the broad learning outcomes of postgraduate study specified by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) reported at the beginning of this chapter. How do they match up with Daly’s ‘fundamental constituents’ of critical thinking?

      The first constituent of critical thinking suggested by Daly, a pre-requisite knowledge base, needs little comment as it is clearly essential to have a fundamental understanding of a subject in order that meaningful connections can be made between new and existing knowledge cumulatively.The third constituent, the disposition to use knowledge and skills, bringing a critical dimension to all aspects of life – in other words, becoming aware of fallacious arguments, ambiguity, and manipulative reasoning – has already been discussed. However, both the second and final constituents – what intellectual skills are required of the critical thinker and the intellectual standards that critical thinkers must adhere to – require some further exploration.

      Intellectual skills exhibited by the critical thinker

ACTIVITY

      List five intellectual skills that you think the critical thinker should exhibit.

      Facione et al. (1994) postulated that if a specific attitude or disposition towards critical thinking is not evident, then the critical thinking skills will not be used. To this end, Facione developed a tool for measuring an individual’s disposition to critical thinking. This is known as the Californian Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and has been used quite widely in research to assess critical thinking disposition (Shin et al., 2006). The inventory focuses on the key attributes:

•		open-mindedness;
•		inquisitiveness;
•		truth-seeking;
•		analyticity;
•		systematicity;
•		self-confidence;
•		maturity of judgement.

      These are interesting personal characteristics that you might want to consider in terms of self-evaluation and your own disposition towards using critical thinking skills. However, for a more specific skills-based list of the skills themselves, it might be useful to look to educational theory and, in particular, to the work of Bloom.

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