Abc's Of Positive Training. Miriam Fields-Babineau
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Название: Abc's Of Positive Training
Автор: Miriam Fields-Babineau
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Биология
Серия: Positive Training
isbn: 9781593789541
isbn:
FORCE-TRAINED
The dog’s being pulled or otherwise made to perform without being given a chance to make the correct choice.
HEAD HALTER
A training tool worn on the dog’s head, much like a horse’s halter (not a bridle, for there is no bit). The tool is made to apply pressure to the top of the dog’s nose and guide the head. The body follows the head, thereby reducing the dog’s “pulling” power and quickly teaching him to pay attention in a manner that is understood by the dog.
INSTINCTIVE/INSTINCTUAL BEHAVIOR
A behavior that comes naturally.
LEARNED RESPONSE
A behavior that occurs upon presentation of a specific stimulus. Example: You give the command to sit. Your dog sits. He has learned to respond to the stimulus of your command.
LURING
Using food or a toy to move your dog into a desired position or to elicit a specific behavior.
MOTIVATION
A desire to perform or behave in a specific manner.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
A stimulus or reward is taken away from the dog to extinguish a behavior. Examples: You turn away when a dog jumps on you, not giving him the satisfaction of getting any reaction out of you.
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
An aversive stimulus is removed to encourage a behavior. Example: The pressure of the head halter on the nose is removed when the dog pays attention.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
A signal (stimulus) is associated with a reward, thus eliciting a learned response.
PRAISE
Words of reward spoken to the dog in a high-pitched, enthusiastic tone of voice.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
Something is added to punish the dog. Examples: A yank on a neck collar. Spraying the dog in the face with water.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
Something is added to reward the dog. Examples: Praise, treats, toys.
POSITIVE RESPONSE
Your dog behaves in the correct manner.
PREY DRIVE
The drive to go after something that will offer either food, shelter or territory. Dogs are predators and all have this drive. Example: A dog chasing squirrels.
PRIMARY PUNISHERS
A training device. Examples: Choke chain, prong collar, e-collar.
PRIMARY REINFORCER
A reward that the receiver doesn’t have to learn to like.
PROGRESSING
Moving forward with training new behaviors.
PRONG COLLAR
A metal linked collar with prongs turned toward the inside, made to be worn against the dog’s neck. When tugged upon, the prongs come together in a pinching action, catching the dog’s skin between them. Yes, it’s painful. However, when used properly, it can be an effective training device for dogs that won’t respond to gentler methods. However, these dogs are few and far between, as most dogs will respond to positive training in some manner.
PUNISHMENT
The use or removal of a stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a behavior.
RANDOM INTERVAL
A varied amount of time between actions.
REDIRECTING
Taking the dog’s attention away from an improper behavior and turning him toward a proper, or approved, behavior.
REINFORCER
Anything that contributes to the dog’s accomplishments.
REGRESSING
Going back a step or two to where the dog was showing successful responses. This happens when progress has stopped; regressing is done in order to maintain a positive attitude.
RELIABILITY
A behavior that is sound and consistent in any situation.
REWARD
Anything the dog likes. Examples: Food, toys, exercise.
RECALL
The dog’s coming to you on command.
RESPONSE
Reaction to a stimulus.
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT
The intervals at which a reward will be given, including fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio and variable ratio.
SECONDARY PUNISHER
A correction that is first given concurrently with the primary punisher. Example: The word СКАЧАТЬ