The Great Hollenberg Saga. Heinz Niederste-Hollenberg
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Название: The Great Hollenberg Saga
Автор: Heinz Niederste-Hollenberg
Издательство: Автор
Жанр: Биографии и Мемуары
isbn: 9783837252446
isbn:
All in all, the old homestead is in a territory rich in culture and full of historical events.
A few years would pass before Germanicus ordered around 14-16 AD another Roman army to the former battle field. He ordered 6 legions (twice the size of the Varus force) into the area to restore Roman military honour, to pursue the Germanic tribes still under the leadership of Arminius, and to bury the human remains of the earlier battle.
However, the whole campaign did not give him the upper hand over his enemies.
Germanicus was no match for the agile tactics of his opponent Arminius in any of the numerous skirmishes.
After several bloody clashes, he decided to withdraw to the Rhine-Valley.
Towards the end of 16 AD, the new Emperor Tiberius recalled Germanicus. The fortifications of the “Limes” along the Rhine-Valley were to be the northern points of Roman military activities.
This all resulted in abdicating the plans of the Empire to conquer German territory, and instead created a militarized buffer zone, the “Limes”, between the Germanic and Latin cultures that lasted for about 2000 years. (fig.:#9)
The tremendous burden on the Treasury and the bloodshed on the northern frontier had been too much for the Empire.
The defeat was so catastrophic that it threatened the survival of Rome itself, halted the Empire’s conquest of Germany and set the course of history for Central Europe.
Just imagine the alternative: If the Romans had won, the Anglo-Saxons, being subdued, would have learned Latin and might not have gone to England a few hundred years later??
And imagine even further that descendents of those Anglo-Saxons turned up in 1607 AD in Jamestown to lay down the foundations for man’s most modern civilization.
The Campaign of the Roman Leader Germanicus against Germanic Tribes
14 A.D. until 16. A.D. – and the Roman Limes
(fig.: #9)
The Saxons in Westphalia
It is historically proven, that a little later the Germanic tribe of the Saxons settled in our area, covering all the territory of Westphalia, Engern and Holland.
Europe during the Migration of Nations ( around 500A.D.)
(fig.:#10)
The line of Saxonian noblemen goes back to Arminius, and the most important ones thereafter came from the house of Engern. This clan with Count Bodo ruled over all the Saxons. His son Wichten, and in turn, his son Wichtigis also became dukes of the Saxons.
Around 450 A.D. Count Hengist from the same dynasty together with Prince Horsa founded a Saxonian kingdom in England and called themselves kings. At that time the English county of Herfordia got her name from a borough of Herford not far from Enger. Count Hengist is also the reason for many English lord-titles, like Elting, Lindhorst, Bathorst, Herbert and others, all going back to actual Westphalian farm places.
These same two Saxonian noblemen from Westphalia, Hengist and Horsa, should come up again 1315 years later during the preliminary discussions on the American Constitution:
A group of the Founding Fathers (Adams, Franklin, Jefferson) had a concept for the official Seal of the United States: Showing reference to the Common Law of the Anglo-Saxons on one side, represented by the Saxonian noblemen Hengist and Horsa, and on the other side, the idea of God’s Law of ancient Israel.
The original concept proposal, however, was never realized.
Several attempts have been made over time to figure out what this proposal could have looked like. One such an idea as shown in the National Center for Constitutional Studies is shown in a sketch on the following page.
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, and after Constantin III, the Roman military commander in England, withdrew his legions, England got visitors from the continent. Three Germanic tribes, the Saxons, the Jutes, and the Angles stormed part of the island. The original Celtic people didn’t have a chance. Battle after battle was lost; till only poetic revenge was left (legend of King Artus).
Around 600 AD, there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. One of those kingdoms was in Essex under the rule of King Sebert, the centre of the Saxons around London.
Most recent excavations in Essex (= East-Saxons) near Sutton-Hoo as well as in Cumwhitton near Carlisle provided proof of early Germanic graves of that period. The findings in Sutton-Hoo could relate to King Sebert, who died 616 A.D., after he had converted to Christianity in 604 AD. This “royal tomb” of Sutton Hoo shows a typical set-up of the old pagan belief of the Saxons even when the corpse carried some Christians symbols.
Helmet from the Sutton Hoo ship-burial 1, England.
British Museum [CC BY-SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)]
Hengist’s son Hadugast, his successor, remained in Saxony and his son Hulderich (also known under the name of Childerich), born 584 AD, fought and protected for the first time the Saxonian territories against the powerful, aspiring Franconians, another Germanic tribe. This conflict should prove fateful to the Saxons over the next centuries.
Around 630 AD, Hulderich’s son Sieghart (also known as Sigismund) reigned over the Saxons.
His son Dietrich, in skirmishes with the Franconians, now led by Karl Martell, was captivated and imprisoned.
Karl Martell (688 – 741AD), nicknamed the “Hammer”, son of Pipin II, was mayor of the Franconian palace. He managed to bring earlier domains of the Franconian kingdom under his control and fought the aggressive Moslems at Tour, pushing eastward towards various Germanic tribes.
Under him, the two principal elements of feudalism, the fief and vassalage developed, and the historic alliance between the Frankonian Kingdom and the Papacy began.
While Dietrich was in captivity, his wife, a duchess from the Wendish country, had two sons:
King Edelgard and Duke Warnekin. Edelgard died 753 A.D. in a battle with Pipin the Short, who is the father of Charles the Great (Charlemagne).
After this battle, Pipin the Short was the first to march into the heartland of the Saxons, all the way to the fortified castle of Rehme, located direct on the Weser River.
The Long Struggle between the Saxons and the Franks
(The land of our ancestors)
Warnekin, after succeeding his brother as king of the Saxons, had two children (sons) with his wife Kunhilde, a princess from the island of Ruegen: -- Wittekind (also known as Wedekind) and Bruno.
In 758 AD Wittekind became Duke of Engern, Westphalia, and Saxony.
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