Basic Japanese. Eriko Sato

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СКАЧАТЬ imasu ka.

      Where are you employed?

3.14. Verbal nouns (…する …suru)

      There are some nouns, like shutchō ‘a business trip,’ shōkai ‘introduction,’ and benkyō ‘study,’ that can be followed directly by a form of the verb suru/shimasu ‘does.’ These constitute a class of nouns we call “verbal nouns.” (They are also called suru-verbs more commonly.) Sometimes the particle o is inserted with expressions of this type, especially if the noun has something modifying it:

      先月大阪に出張しました。

       Sengetsu Ōsaka ni shutchō shimashita.

      Last month I went to Osaka for a business trip.

      友達に紹介しましょう。

       Tomodachi ni shōkai shimashō.

      Let me introduce you to a friend.

      日本語を勉強しました。

       Nihongo o benkyō shimashita.

      I studied Japanese.

      その勉強をしました。

       Sono benkyō o shimashita.

      I did that study.

      The following are additional examples of verbal nouns followed by suru:

料理 ryōri cooking	料理する ryōri suru cooks
掃除 sōji (room) cleaning	掃除する sōji suru cleans
洗濯 sentaku laundry	洗濯する sentaku suru does laundry
予約 yoyaku reservation	予約する yoyaku suru reserves
契約 keiyaku contract	契約する keiyaku suru signs a contract
研究 kenkyū research	研究する kenkyū suru conducts research
卒業 sotsugyō graduation	卒業する sotsugyō suru graduates
準備 junbi preparation	準備する junbi suru prepares
旅行 ryokō trip	旅行する ryokō suru travels
結婚 kekkon marriage	結婚する kekkon suru marries
失礼 shitsurei rudeness	失礼する shitsurei suru is excused
メール mēru email, text	メールする mēru suru emails, texts
ツイート tsuīto tweet	ツイートする tsuīto suru tweets
チャット chatto chat	チャットする chatto suru chats
ログイン rogu in log on	ログインする rogu in suru logs on
ログアウト rogu auto log out	ログアウトする rogu auto suru logs out

3.15. Going in vehicles

      To say ‘I went by train,’ you can say either of the following sentences:

      電車で行きました。

       Densha de ikimashita.

      I went there by train.

      電車に乗って行きました。

       Densha ni notte ikimashita.

      I went riding on a train.

      The verb norimasu ‘gets on board, rides,’ like the verbs imasu, arimasu, and sunde imasu, takes the particle ni, here implying a change of position. Doko de fune ni norimashita ka ‘Where did you board the ship?’ Notice the difference between Mainichi densha ni norimasu ‘He rides the train every day,’ and Mainichi densha ni notte ikimasu ‘He goes (there) on the train every day.’ To get off (or out of) a vehicle, you use the verb orimasu (orite): Kuruma o orimashita ‘I got out of the car.’ (Basu o) doko de orimashō ka ‘Where shall we get off (the bus)?’ Orimasu! ‘Coming out! Getting off!’

3.16 ‘As soon as’

      A common way to say ‘as soon as’ is to use the gerund followed by kara ‘after …ing,’ and then begin the next clause with sugu ‘right away, immediately.’ Go-han o tabete kara sugu sanpo ni ikimashita ‘I went for a walk as soon as (right after) I ate dinner.’ Sometimes the gerund is followed directly by the next clause without the particle kara. Heya ni haitte sugu sensei ni hanashimashita ‘As soon as I entered the room, I spoke to the teacher.’

[cue 03-3]

       Conversation

      Takeshi (T) and Shizuka (S) are talking.

      T: 昨日は仕事をしましたか。

       Kinō wa shigoto o shimashita ka.

      Did you work yesterday?

      S: いいえ, 休みでした。

       Īe, yasumi deshita.

      No, I didn’t have to work.

      T: ああ，そうですか。

       Ā, sō desu ka.

      Oh, really.

      S: ええ。仕事は月曜日から木曜日までなんです。

       Ē. Shigoto wa Getsuyōbi kara Mokuyōbi made na n desu.

      Right. My job is from Monday to Thursday.

      T: ああ，いいですね。じゃあ，家にいたんですか。

       Ā, ii desu ne. Jā, ie ni ita n desu ka.

      That’s nice! Then, were you at home?

      S: СКАЧАТЬ