Krav Maga. Gershon Ben Keren

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СКАЧАТЬ hand at the rear, from where it is able to generate the most power (for ease of communication, the techniques in this book will default to right hand dominance going forward).

      2. Your feet should be on opposite corners of an imaginary rectangle, with your toes pointing towards your assailant—the feet control the direction of your hips, and it is the movement of your hips which will give power to your striking. This stance will also make you stable in all but two directions, meaning that if you are knocked from the front, side, or rear (you must always assume that there is more than one attacker), you will be able to stay on your feet.

      3. Your head must be over your hips. Your head controls the direction of your weight, and if you are leaning forward or backwards you can easily be thrown off-balance in those directions. For the same reason, your weight must be evenly distributed between both feet. Make sure you hold your head upright and stand tall, so that you appear confident and in control.

      4. Both legs should remain active. That is, they should be able to create movement without having to shift weight first. Keep the knees bent and the legs relaxed, so that they don’t have to be unlocked in order for you to move.

      5. Your weight should be on your toes. Toes are for moving, heels are for braking. Don’t lift the heels of your feet too high, as when you move you will want to make sure that they can be placed down quickly if necessary, e.g., to be able to strike with power.

      6. Your hands should be placed out in front of you, with the palms of your hands facing your aggressor. Unlike clenched fists, this hand position is non-aggressive, and is understood in all cultures to be a non-threatening gesture. It is also the international sign for “stop” and “stay back.”

      Controlling Range

      If you are too close to a potential assailant, they will be able to strike or grab you without having to make any prior body movement. Therefore, you should always keep a suitable distance between yourself and your assailant, forcing them to have to move before they make an attack. If they make a movement forward, to move into attacking range, you should make a corresponding movement backwards or away, to maintain your original distance. If you don’t, and you stay within their range, you will be attempting to counter the speed of their arm/punch, rather than the relatively slower speed of their body. In most cases action beats reaction, so you will be unsuccessful in countering their attack if you don’t force them to reposition their body, first.

      Forcing them to move their body before making an attack will give you a larger movement to respond to, rather than having to react to somebody’s arm speed. If they can punch or grab you without having to move first, you are limiting your chances of identifying the attack.

      When you face someone who is acting aggressively towards you, you should attempt to control the range. You want to position yourself at a distance where, if they want to strike or grab you, they must move their body into range first. This larger body movement is easier to detect than an arm movement alone.

      If an assailant is already in range, they can punch you or grab you without having to make any prior body movement. In this instance, you will have to react to the arm movement alone, which is a much faster and smaller movement than that of the body coming forwards—and so much harder to detect and respond to.

      The simplest way to learn how to control range—before it becomes an inherent fighting skill—is to make sure that when you look at the center of your aggressor’s chest, you are able to see some of the ground or floor in front of their forward foot with your peripheral vision. If the person is holding a knife, you need to roughly add the length of the blade to this distance, as the length of the weapon will give them a greater range (than a fist alone).

      You need to be close enough for them to believe that they can, with one movement, reach you. If you are too far away they will simply close the distance on you first before making an assault. If violence is inevitable, you need to draw out your assailant’s attack in such a way that it will commit them to their attack, and put them in a disadvantageous position.

      This control of range should force them to commit all their weight forward when they make an attack. With their weight forward, they are both vulnerable to a counterattack, and at the same time slowed down in making further attacks, as they will have to readjust their weight to do so.

      Relative Body Positioning

      Aside from controlling range, you should also attempt to control your assailant’s movement by continually moving offline. Power is derived from the hips, and people are at their strongest when their hips are lined up facing you—this is also a position which allows them to step directly towards you and take advantage of this movement of mass to add power to their strikes.

      When you stand directly in front of an assailant, you are facing all of their “weapons” (hands, feet, knees, etc.) in a position where they are able to deliver strikes with full power. You should always avoid facing an assailant’s hips (the source of power in striking).

      By moving off at an angle, you are getting “offline,” while at the same time forcing your attacker to turn towards you before making an attack. At the moment they turn, they are vulnerable to any attack you may make. You are also forcing them to take an extra step before they can assault you, slowing down their attack.

      Maintain your control of range as you turn, so that your assailant is unable to reach you without moving…

      …This forces them to move, as well as having to turn, slowing down their attack and giving you a lot of time to respond, either by blocking their attack, or making your own while they do this.

      You should always try to force your assailant to do several things before they can attack you:

       1. Shift weight before they can turn their body;

       2. Physically turn towards you;

       3. Take a step towards you.

       If at the same time you only have to do one thing, i.e., attack them, while they complete all of these actions, you should always be faster than your assailant.

      If you move offline, you are no longer directly in front of your aggressor. This means that in order to attack you, they must shift and readjust their weight and then turn so that they are facing you again. Relative Body Positioning combined with range control means that an assailant must do three things before they can assault you:

      1. Shift their body weight before re-aligning their body.

      2. Realign their body before moving.

      3. Move towards you before being able to attack.

      Whoever controls the movement of the fight, controls the fight. You should move in such a way that it is difficult for your attacker to synchronize their movement to yours. If you keep moving to СКАЧАТЬ