Krav Maga Tactical Survival. Gershon Ben Keren

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      If you aim your palm at someone’s face and stick the thumb out, it will find one of your attacker’s eyes. Once you have made contact, simply drive your thumb into their eye socket with all of your strength. Don’t try to measure the force you use; simply push into their eye as hard as you can. This is not a subtle technique. It is a great opening attack, as it doesn’t require much accuracy or force to be effective.

      Eye strikes are painful—you are aiming to drive your thumb as far into your assailant’s eye socket as possible—there are no half-measures when it comes to dealing with violence. They are also disruptive: if you can affect your attacker’s vision, you will be depriving them of one of the tools they would be using in order to attack you. Even after the initial pain subsides, the eye(s) will be watering, making it difficult for your assailant to see you.

      Another reason eye strikes are effective is that the type of pain they elicit is hard to gear yourself up for. When we become adrenalized and ready to fight, we switch on various “pain management” systems, because we expect to get punched, kicked, hit, etc. If your attacker is fully adrenalized and highly aggressive, they may not initially feel or experience the actual pain that a blunt-trauma strike such as a punch should deliver. In my time working in the security industry I have been hit with beer bottles, pool balls, and similar objects, and have been able to continue fighting, only to experience the true pain of these strikes after the event. Sticking a thumb into an eye bypasses these pain-management systems and “wakes” your assailant up to the sensation of pain, within the fight.

      Palm-Heels to Nose

      Palm-heel strikes are extremely underestimated, and for some reason tend to only get taught as a second-class type of strike to the closed fist. Yet the palm-heel strike is highly effective, and should be part of everyone’s toolkit. In my belief, it is wrong to rank the effectiveness of strikes against each other; it is more practical and useful to look on them as different tools, which are used to accomplish different goals and solve different problems. The open-palm strike should not be compared to a closed-fist punch and looked on as the “poor man’s” alternative to it; rather, it should be looked on as a standalone strike with its own advantages and disadvantages.

      I often see the palm-heel strike taught with the hand being a very rigid unit, with the fingers pulled back and the palm exposed as a relatively “flat” striking unit that should be targeted against the chin in order to both deliver concussive force and direct the head back, akin to a closed-fist punch. While this can be an effective way of striking, I prefer to deliver the palm-heel strike with the hand being looser, and in more of a “cupping” fashion that wraps around the face, both obscuring vision (masking the face) and pushing upward against the nose—directing the head back, in preparation for harder, more concussive strikes.

      Delivered in this way, as a “softer” strike against the nose, the fingers and thumb can also be driven into the eyes, making for a more disruptive strike.

      There are many different ways to deliver a palm-heel strike, and all are valid; they simply accomplish different things. A rigid palm-heel strike to the face will not deliver as much concussive force as a punch, but it is less likely to damage the knuckles and bones of the hand.

      By throwing a palm-heel strike against the chin, you are able to move your attacker’s head back, disrupting their balance and thus creating opportunities for further attacks.

      You can also use the palm-heel strike in a less rigid fashion, with the idea of quickly getting a hand/strike into your attacker’s face so that their vision is obscured. Quickly getting a strike or hand into your attacker’s face, whether your thumb hits their eye or not, is an easy way to disrupt an assailant’s attack, and set up your own.

      Cradle-Strike to Throat

      The throat is a target that doesn’t move. An assailant can turn their head away, moving the eyes as a target; however, the throat and neck stay in place, meaning that they are always available to be attacked. Striking the throat causes shock and pain (it’s an unexpected pain), and can result in serious trauma; it can cause the internal cartilage of the trachea to collapse, resulting in difficulty breathing. A hard strike will also cause a degree of swelling around the throat, which will further affect breathing. This is one of the reasons why, in a fight, you should keep your chin tucked down so that the throat is protected (keeping your chin down will also direct your face downward, making you less vulnerable to a head-butt).

      There are three soft and vulnerable targets that don’t require any force for a strike to be effective: these are the eyes, throat, and groin. Sometimes the eyes are not an effective target because an attacker turns their face away to avoid being hit there. It doesn’t matter how far a person turns their face/eyes away, however, the throat/neck will usually remain available. The best way to attack the throat is in an upward direction.

      When you strike the throat, hit it hard. Your goal is to cause trauma and swelling to the throat so that your attacker’s breathing is impaired. An attacker who can’t breathe properly will not be able to fight effectively.

      The throat can still be a target even if your attacker turns their face away, which would make an eye strike difficult/impossible. The throat can be a difficult target for an attacker to defend—unless they keep their chin tucked to their chest at all times.

      The Initial Strike as a Range/Distance Finder

      Your initial strike can be used as a tactile “marker” to set up further strikes. In a dynamic, fast-moving situation where there are many changes in movement, punches and strikes often won’t land because the distance and position between the striking unit (e.g., the fist), and the target (e.g., the face), change as the punch/strike is being delivered. By not retracting the initial strike—such as the thumb to your assailant’s eye(s)—you can not only control their head (the target), but also give yourself another tool for judging distance/range. You just have to deliver the second strike roughly where your first hand is, as it’s already on the target. Using this method of zoning in on your targets makes it almost impossible to miss with your subsequent strikes. As long as you keep your hand on their eyes, you will always know where to hit, regardless of whether they move in to you, pull away, turn their head, etc.

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