Social Monitoring for Public Health. Michael J. Paul

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       ABSTRACT

      Public health thrives on high-quality evidence, yet acquiring meaningful data on a population remains a central challenge of public health research and practice. Social monitoring, the analysis of social media and other user-generated web data, has brought advances in the way we leverage population data to understand health. Social media offers advantages over traditional data sources, including real-time data availability, ease of access, and reduced cost. Social media allows us to ask, and answer, questions we never thought possible.

      This book presents an overview of the progress on uses of social monitoring to study public health over the past decade. We explain available data sources, common methods, and survey research on social monitoring in a wide range of public health areas. Our examples come from topics such as disease surveillance, behavioral medicine, and mental health, among others. We explore the limitations and concerns of these methods. Our survey of this exciting new field of data-driven research lays out future research directions.

       KEYWORDS

      social media, web data, public health, data science

       For Dad. –MJPFor Chava, Gilah, Hadar, and Micah. –MHD

       Contents

       Preface

       Acknowledgments

       1 New Source of Big Data

       2 Public Health: A Primer

       2.1 The Public Health Cycle

       2.1.1 Public Health Surveillance

       2.2 Sources of Data

       2.2.1 Limitations of Traditional Data

       2.2.2 Opportunities for Social Monitoring

       3 Social Data

       3.1 What is Social Data?

       3.2 Monitoring of Social Data

       3.2.1 Active vs. Passive Monitoring

       3.2.2 Types of Users

       3.3 Types of Platforms

       3.3.1 General-purpose Social Media

       3.3.2 Domain-specific Social Media

       3.3.3 Search and Browsing Activity

       3.3.4 Crowds and Markets

       3.3.5 Comparison of Platforms

       3.4 Types of Data

       3.4.1 Content

       3.4.2 Metadata

       3.4.3 Social Network Structure

       3.5 Data Collection

       4 Methods of Monitoring

       4.1 Quantitative Analysis