Admirable Evasions. Theodore Dalrymple

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      © 2015 by Theodore Dalrymple

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Encounter Books, 900 Broadway, Suite 601, New York, New York, 10003.

      First American edition published in 2015 by Encounter Books, an activity of Encounter for Culture and Education, Inc., a nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation.

      Encounter Books website address: www.encounterbooks.com

      The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48—1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).

      FIRST AMERICAN EDITION

      LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

      Dalrymple, Theodore.

      Admirable evasions : how psychology undermines morality / by Theodore Dalrymple.

      pages cm

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-1-59403-788-7 (ebook)

      1. Self-perception. 2. Self-reliance. 3. Psychotherapy. 4. Psychoanalysis. 5. Psychology—Moral and ethical aspects. I. Title.

      BF697.5.S43D35 2015

      150—dc23

      2014037247

      CONTENTS

Preface

Chapter One

Chapter Two

       Chapter Three

       Chapter Four

       Chapter Five

       Chapter Six

       Chapter Seven

       Chapter Eight

       Chapter Nine

       Chapter Ten

       Chapter Eleven

       Index

       FOR RICHARD LATCHAM

      It is a poor centre of a man’s actions, himself.

       FRANCIS BACON

       To be beautiful means to be yourself. You don’t need to be accepted by others. You need to accept yourself.

       THÍCH NHÃT HẠNH

       . . . an admirable evasion of whoremaster man, to lay his goatish disposition to the charge of a star!

       WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

PREFACE

      In the misfortunes of our friends, wrote the duc de La Rochefoucauld nearly three and a half centuries ago, there is something not entirely unpleasing. When we read this for the first time we experience both a shock and a sense of recognition. Something discreditable about us has been put into words that, if we had reflected a little harder or more honestly upon ourselves, we should have known all along: and henceforth we shall never be able to pretend that we are other than complex and contradictory beings.

      La Rochefoucauld was able to put into words what anyone could have known by “attending to the motions of his own mind,” as Doctor Johnson put it. Have human beings progressed beyond this in their self-understanding? It is my contention that they have not, and that our vaunted or pretended progress, amazing though it may be from a technological point of view, is actually a retrogression in honesty and sophistication. Psychology is not a key to self-understanding, but a cultural barrier to such understanding as we can achieve; but it is my belief that we shall never be able entirely to pluck out the heart of our mystery. Of this I am glad rather than sorry.

CHAPTER ONE

      If all the antidepressants and anxiolytics in the world were thrown into the sea, as Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. once suggested should be done with the whole of the pharmacopoeia, if all textbooks of psychology were withdrawn and pulped, if all psychologists ceased to practice, if all university departments of psychology were closed down, if all psychological research were abandoned, if all psychological terms were excised from everyday speech, would Mankind be the loser or the gainer, the wiser or the more foolish? Would his self-understanding be any the less? Would his life be any the worse?

      It is not, of course, possible to give a definitive answer to these questions: the experiment cannot be done. But it would be a bold man who claimed that Man’s self-understanding is now greater than that of Montaigne or Shakespeare. How many of us would dare to claim in public that he had greater insight into his fellow creatures than the Swan of Avon? He would be laughed down immediately, ridiculed and ignominiously driven from the platform: and quite rightly so. Such arrogance would have its reward. As to life having improved, how much of the improvement is attributable to psychology? We owe incomparably more to improved sewers than to psychology.

      Yet implicit claims to superior knowledge and understanding are by no means uncommon. More than one school of psychology has claimed to have achieved deeper insight into human nature, conduct, emotion, and distress than ever before. In 1802, the French philosophical physiologist Pierre-Jean-George Cabanis said confidently that the brain secretes thought as the liver secretes bile. Two hundred years later, the acclaimed neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran said essentially the same thing, though in more words, as if verbosity indicated progress:

       Even though it is common knowledge, it never ceases to amaze me that all the richness of our mental life – all our feelings, our emotions, our thoughts, our ambitions, our love lives, our religious sentiments and even what each of us regards as his or her own intimate private self – is simply the activity of these little specks of jelly in our heads, in our brains. There is nothing else.

      So everything in human self-understanding is over bar the shouting: only the details have yet to be filled in. Before СКАЧАТЬ