Keeping the Republic. Christine Barbour

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      A cartoon depicting a messy office desk with a caption reading “vintage social networking.” Various arrows identify traditional office objects and describe their modern social networking counterparts. For example, the telephone is labeled “Skype.”

      Other office objects included are as follows:

      A clipped comic strip is labeled “reddit.”

      A window is labeled “YouTube.”

      A cork board with various clippings is labeled “Pinterest.”

      A Rolodex is labeled “LinkedIn.”

      A globe is labeled “foursquare.”

      Two picture frames with family photos are labeled “Instagram” and “Imgur.”

      A pencil and a piece of paper with handwriting are labeled “WordPress.”

      Several sticky notes are labeled “Twitter.”

      An address book is labeled “Facebook.”

      A pair of scissors, tape, and photo clippings are labeled “Tumblr.”

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      A timeline of advertising in the print, pre-digital, and digital eras.

      Posters were the main source of advertising prior to 16 50. Newspapers began featuring advertisements in 16 50 leading the way for magazines in 18 44, billboards in 18 67, and catalogs in 18 72.

      Advertising on the radio began in 19 22 and launched the pre-digital era, which also included advertising on television in 19 41 and through direct mail in 19 54.

      Digital-age advertising began with banner ads and Gmail in 19 94 and was followed by P P C in two thousand, Google in 20 03, Facebook and YouTube in 20 07, LinkedIn in 20 08, mobile apps in 20 09, Twitter in 20 10, and Facebook mobile in 20 12.

      This figure also includes a list of important dates for each category: print, pre-digital, and digital.

      Print:

      14 39: Printing press

      16 05: First newspaper

      18 44: Telegram

      18 66: Permanent telegraph line across the Atlantic

      18 76: Telephone

      19 hundred: First transmission of voice by radio

      Pre-digital:

      19 29: Television (12 channels)

      19 53: Color television for the mass public

      19 42: First computer

      19 50: Cable T V (rare, for households without reception)

      19 69: A R P A N E T (military forerunner of internet)

      19 66: Email

      19 70s: Cable TV (181 channels)

      Digital:

      19 70s: First desktop computer

      19 73: Mobile phone

      19 89: Commercial Internet

      19 94: Smartphone

      19 94: Yahoo

      19 95: eBay

      19 94: Amazon

      19 98: Google

      19 99: Blogger

      19 99: Napster

      20 01: Wikipedia

      20 02: LinkedIn

      20 03: MySpace

      20 03: Skype

      20 04: Facebook

      20 04: Flickr

      20 04: Gmail

      20 05: Reddit

      20 05: YouTube

      20 06: Twitter

      20 07: Tumblr

      20 07: iPhone

      20 09: WhatsApp (bought by Facebook in 20 14)

      20 10: Instagram (bought by Facebook 20 12)

      20 11: Pinterest

      20 11: Snapchat

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      A bar graph depicting how individuals engage politically online. Moving from top to bottom:

      “Like” or promote material related to politics or social issues that others have posted: 38 percent

      Use a social networking site to encourage people to vote: 35 percent

      Post one’s own comments on political or social issues: 34 percent

      Repost content related to political or social issues that was originally posted by someone else: 33 percent

      Encourage other people to take action on a political or social issue: 31 percent

      Post links to political stories or articles for others to read: 28 percent

      Follow elected officials and candidates for office: 20 percent

      The real-world impact of online political engagement varies:

      25 percent become more active in a political issue after discussing or reading about it online. 16 percent change their views about a political issue after discussing or reading about it online. And .09 percent become less involved in a political issue after encountering it online.

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      The combinations of different ideological beliefs in the United States. Economic beliefs are shown on a horizontal spectrum of more to less governmental control, and political beliefs are shown on a similar vertical spectrum. The spectrums meet in the center. The top left quadrant represents “Economic Liberals,” or those who believe in an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order. Examples include welfare, national health care, maximum individual freedom, civil rights for immigrants, and the regulation of Wall Street. Most Americans who align with this ideology are moderate Democrats, although liberal Democrats and the Occupy Wall Street movement are also included. The bottom left quadrant represents “Social Liberals,” or those who believe in an expanded government role in both the economy and the social order. Examples include welfare, social programs, censorship of pornography, strict pollution controls, and СКАЧАТЬ