American Democracy in Context. Joseph A. Pika

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СКАЧАТЬ Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand.

      Non democratic countries: All the rest.

      Back to Figure

      The horizontal axis shows the years 1913 to 2015 and the vertical axis shows the percentage of all economic activity from 0 to 70 in increments of 10.

      The details are as follows with all values approximated from the graph.

      U.S.: The line starts at 8% and rises to 31 by 1980, at which level it stays until 1996. Thereafter, it rises again, ending at 38% in 2015.

      U.K.: The line starts at 12, rises to 37 in 1937, drops to 32 in 1960, and rises again to 42 in 1980, at which level it stays with slight fluctuations until 2015.

      Sweden: The line starts at 10%, rises steeply after 1937 to reach 60 in 1980, 65 in 1996, but drops to 50 in 2015.

      Note: Government’s expenditures as a percentage of all economic activity grew in all three countries, but less in the United States than in Sweden or Great Britain.

      Back to Figure

      The horizontal side of the matrix represents “intervention on social issues” and is marked “low” on the left end and “high” on the right end.

      The vertical side represents “economic intervention” and is marked “low” at the lower end and “high” at the upper end.

      The four cells are labelled as follows.

      Top left: Liberal

      Top right: Blank

      Bottom Left: Libertarian

      Bottom right: Conservative

      Note: We have divided the grid into four quadrants here for the sake of simplicity. In reality, both dimensions are gradients; one person can be located higher or lower than another or farther left or right, even though both are located in the same quadrant. Each dimension is a matter of degree. Where do you think you would fall on the grid?

      Back to Figure

      The horizontal axis shows the percent volunteering from 0 to 80.

      The details are as follows with all values approximated from the graph.

       United Kingdom: 72

       Ireland: 70

       Netherlands: 68

       Canada: 68

       Australia: 66

       New Zealand: 66

       Iceland: 65

       Indonesia: 64

       United States: 62

       Norway: 55

       Switzerland: 55

       Denmark: 53

       Sweden: 52

       Israel: 52

       Austria: 51

       Luxembourg: 50

       Italy: 50

       Chile: 45

       Germany: 43

       Finland: 39

       Slovenia: 35

       Belgium: 35

       Slovakia: 34

       Japan: 34

       South Korea: 34

       Poland: 34

       Spain: 33

       India: 27

       Portugal: 27

       Brazil: 25

       France: 25

       Mexico: 24

       Czech Republic: 22

       Hungary: 21

       Argentina: 20

       Estonia: 17

       Turkey: 15

       South Africa: 13

       China: 10

       Greece: 5

       Russia: 5

      Note: Sixty-two percent of Americans volunteered time, gave money, or helped strangers in a given month—more than the citizens of many other countries. In general, citizens of prosperous European and North American countries were more generous in this way than citizens of other countries. Why is this so?

      2 The Founding and the Constitution

      Cindy Hopkins / Alamy Stock Photo

       After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

       Explain how the American colonies came into being and describe the influence of British tradition on the rights that the colonists came to expect.

       Describe the factors that led to the American Revolution and explain how the basic principles of the revolution shaped the governments that followed.

       Outline the structure and power of government under the Articles of Confederation and describe the weaknesses that ultimately led to their failure as a form of government.

       Describe the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, including the issues that united and divided them and the compromises among them that led to the final document.

       Identify the four core principles and major provisions of the U.S. Constitution as well as the ways in which it was undemocratic.

       Evaluate the arguments of those on both sides of the ratification battle and the roles of the Federalist Papers and the Bill of Rights in helping to secure ratification.

       Describe the formal process of amending the U.S. Constitution as well as the informal process of amendment through interpretation.

      Perspective: СКАЧАТЬ