Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes. Various
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes - Various страница 112

Название: Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes

Автор: Various

Издательство: Bookwire

Жанр: Языкознание

Серия:

isbn: 4057664126917

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ of the mixture of gelatin, celluloid, alcohol, and acetone, at the moment when the heating is to be accomplished in an autoclave heated with steam, capable of supporting a pressure of 2 to 5 pounds, and furnished with a mechanical agitator. This method of proceeding abridges the operation considerably; the paste comes from the autoclave well mingled, and is then submitted to the action of rollers. There is but little work in distilling the alcohol and acetic acid in the autoclave. These may be recovered, and on account of their evaporation the mass presents the desired consistency when it reaches the rollers. Whichever of the two methods of preparation may be employed, the substance may be rolled as in the ordinary process, if a boiler with agitator is made use of; the mass may be produced in any form.

      Preparation Of Uninflammable Celluloid.

      —The operation of this process by Woodward is the following: In a receiver of glass or porcelain, liquefied fish glue and gum arabic are introduced and allowed to swell for 24 hours in a very dry position, allowing the air to circulate freely. The receiver is not covered. Afterwards it is heated on a water bath, and the contents stirred (for example, by means of a porcelain spatula) until the gum is completely liquefied. The heating of the mass should not exceed 77° F. Then the gelatin is added in such a way that there are no solid pieces. The receiver is removed from the water bath and colza oil added, while agitating anew. When the mixture is complete it is left to repose for 24 hours.

      Before cooling, the mixture is passed through a sieve in order to retain the pieces which may not have been dissolved. After swelling, and the dissolution and purification by means of the sieve, it is allowed to rest still in the same position, with access of air. The films formed while cooling may be removed. The treatment of celluloid necessitates employing a solution completely colorless and clear. The celluloid to be treated while it is still in the pasty state should be in a receiver of glass, porcelain, or similar material.

      The mass containing the fish glue is poured in, drop by drop, while stirring carefully, taking care to pour it in the middle of the celluloid and to increase the surface of contact.

      When the mixture is complete, the celluloid is ready to be employed and does not produce flame when exposed.

      The solution of fish glue may be prepared by allowing 200 parts of it to swell for 48 hours in 1,000 parts of cold distilled water. It is then passed through the sieve, and the pieces which may remain are broken up, in order to mingle them thoroughly with the water. Ten parts of kitchen salt are then added, and the whole mass passed through the sieve.

      This product may be utilized for the preparation of photographic films or for those used for cinematographs, or for replacing hard caoutchouc for the insulation of electric conductors, and for the preparation of plastic objects.

      Substitute For Camphor In The Preparation Of Celluloid And Applicable To Other Purposes.

      —In this process commercial oil of turpentine, after being rectified by distillation over caustic soda, is subjected to the action of gaseous chlorhydric acid, in order to produce the solid monochlorhydrate of turpentine. After having, by means of the press, extracted the liquid monochlorhydrate, and after several washings with cold water, the solid matter is desiccated and introduced into an autoclave apparatus capable of resisting a pressure of 6 atmospheres. Fifty per cent of caustic soda, calculated on the weight of the monochlorhydrate, and mingled with an equal quantity of alcohol, is added in the form of a thick solution. The apparatus is closed and heated for several hours at the {158} temperature of 284° to 302° F. The material is washed several times for freeing it from the mingled sodium chloride and sodium hydrate, and the camphor resulting from this operation is treated in the following manner:

      In an autoclave constructed for the purpose, camphene and water strongly mixed with sulphuric acid are introduced and heated so as to attain 9 pounds of pressure. Then an electric current is applied, capable of producing the decomposition of water. The mass is constantly stirred, either mechanically or more simply by allowing a little of the steam to escape by a tap. In an hour, at least, the material is drawn from the apparatus, washed and dried, sublimed according to need, and is then suitable for replacing camphor in its industrial employments, for the camphene is converted entirely or in greater part into camphor, either right-hand camphor, or a product optically inactive, according to the origin of the oil of turpentine made use of.

      In the electrolytic oxidation of the camphene, instead of using acidulated water, whatever is capable of furnishing, under the influence of the electric current, the oxygen necessary for the reaction, such as oxygenized water, barium bioxide, and the permanganates, may be employed.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAMCAgMCAgMDAwMEAwMEBQgFBQQEBQoHBwYIDAoMDAsK CwsNDhIQDQ4RDgsLEBYQERMUFRUVDA8XGBYUGBIUFRT/2wBDAQMEBAUEBQkFBQkUDQsNFBQUFBQU FBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBT/wAARCAWgA4QDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAHgAAAAYDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgMEBQYHAQgJAAr/xABfEAABAwIEBQIEBAMFBgMB Ah8BAgMEBREABhIhBxMxQVEiYQgUMnEVI4GRCUKhFlKxwdEXJDNi4fBygpKiJUPxNFNjk8LSc6Oy sxgmVGV0dYPD0xk1NjhEVVdklJW0/8QAGwEAAgMBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgMAAQQFBgf/xAA8EQAB AwMDAgQEBQQCAwACAgMBAAIRAyExEkFRIjIEE2HwQnGBoSORscHhFDNS0WLxBUNyJKIVU2OCwv/a AAwDAQACEQMRAD8A5qRpb0Z8FpRSR198T7L6J9Kyo/LjbuuOgLcQNRQk33/e2IhXHI0qrKMNCUsr c+lIttie8PWpDUp9aQWoYbstS9k6trf54SAHQ5MqSOlPuXZ0yfTIYmpUXi8dC1CxWgDqf174IzlU qtBmxUwULDWm5WhvVqVf6T/33xjPDc+U7ERA1vNob1L5BuT4O3bEgobkqNRYrU5QMxYsSTv12B8m 2Ji6WcI6Ky6YSVuDluqSCtA7KPXEW/FK4vNnyxaV8sV6Qjl+nR/evb9cKK7CrrmYWnIK3DERptoV ZCf72ofviYKWCyFJPqNiE+MURFyoDwmbNciXAyxJcj3DxCUqUBulPcjFJUKjKr1VcjB1LV9SlOOK sEjyScWbRmq1GrT7tTccRDCVl1Ty7tnY2t2xWMupNx5klyOAEKcOyRa/jFDAajAiYQZ8JNOqoioe Q8hKfrbNwcWBwQDrq6q0LlgAKB7BV+n7f4Yryky2Ha6y9KALG+sKF9rYmOWI1RlZflro5Xy/miHG 2DZdv5fe2GNsYUfdpU6zrUqvAdhppzRU2vYqSjWSr+6fAw6NPhcpuI6hQfUzzFAdB5GPUhEpuixG 56iqZpAWpR367AnubYhWYU1iTnVaoheIaSgNLbNkpFt7/wBb3xbomEpuE6N1GtJzciOmOpNP16U2 bunRb6tXn/4GJo4Dp1NjU4E30noTgllYKUJ5gKT6tOI9l9ivDMcpcxxSoRCrXUCk7+nSO2CbdUUq ynPqtRVJ/FovJDahy1FGk+49wNt8SScp5qnSnYLIflIRdtpRtqOBvBaIjjbWkPlB0KWLgKttf9cJ 8rpqMemBdXcQ7J1EAot9Pa9tvOGoEKJIefp8Z+oMhmWUDW0k3CThmzZPrUBMT8LjiQlxRDlk6iPA 9h13wXnaPVHIbaKS4rm8zU6EKCVFPa18O1HElNKiiW4FSggBe/VWLbiFUI1Y1ICVCx07/fERRU62 3mkQlMXp5Vt+X6dNvq1ecLcwR66rMUNyE6RBukLQFAAb+rUO+2JK66guBIb2SOuFPsjak+pZBKAF EJNhfv4wxZTn1ia7LVVI5ZbQoJRdGnfe4Hm3nCehQ6/Fr8pUxalQnNWm6gUnf06R2xJ6mHnKbIRF UES9BDRV01W2OAY0hW4zhJa5OmwKNJVDaD8lNlNote1zubd7Dtj2XJUudSWXak1y5KrlYtbp0Nu2 2EeU4dVagrVVnC49r9AKgpQTbuR73wrzJGqkilaaOsNyNY1bgHT7E/phgxAQWRddlVWKYiqVEEsL XZ24vYdu4t33xI1LBAJuAOwwRR23GqW0JRC5QSNZT0Ku+EFTZqztbgKhutopqf8A4YQq1zv9vHjB xAVbo0Sqs5XksiMEU4t6xICt9Xgi+JKlYSRqSCFC2G1IPL1KUQq9hgUb5tMmSZDrSonp+XShJCht 6tR774gsqIkJU2lshxL8ZDZ1EJIVq1J7H2+2AVGnsORHlMRkPPJbJbQo6QpVtgT2wYFIcBKutsBg KfTGRz1NreAOtTSSEnfawPti91WEhZytT5kJj5qMlh4pBcQk6glVtwD3xDs85LeiGCijw1SQ4shx YTfT0sD4HXfE/lOOuIJYUhLgsBzASnr3AwsPoSG3Rso3BGKc0YKMEi8qAL4TrAS406n1/wAl774h DuUq6jOCqaIqyhLlv+H6Sj+/q+2+L11lpy6VC24I7+1sKELWlCUlRLh3OFGmzhGKjuVSeYMk1Kn0 yQ+2wpbqUlQCBfp3xEspidLnraWpxxnQSoqudJA2xsylTvzC9ZQUWBQAncbb3P3wTOprD8R4MRmW 5BBKFFPp1W2Jt74HymxZH5rgbrXHNhkQGWChRQly+tQ2N/F8Ayp8xJYfKipaQRZSt77bj/DF50PJ KZlLbbr6WXZnqClNJFrX2vtYnEcz7wvltQo68vhSzqIdaZISoJttb2ws0rQm+aJlUvmJbqKitC7t СКАЧАТЬ