Revolutionary. Frame by frame. Rem Word
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Название: Revolutionary. Frame by frame
Автор: Rem Word
Издательство: Издательские решения
Жанр: Биографии и Мемуары
isbn: 9785449675361
isbn:
From June 26, 1915, the Austro-German troops were expanding the front of the attack on all of Poland and East Prussia. The well-fortified fortress Novogeorgievsk surrenders practically without a fight, after shelling from heavy guns and bombardment with the then rather primitive airplanes that are not a decisive weapon. 83,000 people are taken prisoner, including 23 generals and 2,100 officers of lower rank. In addition to all that, the enemy is transferred 1,200 guns and a million shells that are so scarce in the Russian army. A conspiracy theory is born in Russian society. As a result, Nicholas the Second became the Supreme Commander three days after the surrender. And, this is also not the best solution. Warsaw Russian troops leave on August 4. The great retreat continues. The photo shows a Russian artillery crew near a field 3-inch gun. Somewhere in Poland, summer 1915
By the end of the year, the Eastern Front turns into a straight line connecting the Baltic and Black Seas, passing west of Riga, the Russian military-industrial center. According to the memoirs of General A. Denikin: “Spring 1915 will remain in my memory forever. The great tragedy of the Russian army – a retreat from Galicia. No ammo, no shells. Day by day, bloody battles, day by day, hard transitions, endless fatigue – physical and moral; then shy hopes, hopeless horror …». On the photo are Russian soldiers captured during the Great Retreat. Summer-Autumn 1915
The support of Riga continues to be provided by the still efficient Russian fleet. Since August 8, more than 80 pennants of German squadrons are invading the Gulf of Riga (the first Moosund or Irben operation in 1915). Russian pilots find German minesweepers from the air. Soon a fire contact is established between the visitors and the approached squadron battleship Slava. Two minesweepers sink. Later in the battle enters the British submarine. She drowns the German battle cruiser. There is a series of sea surface battles. German ships, going at random through minefields, suffer serious damage from mines and enemy gunfire. By the end of August the invasion fleet leaves the Gulf of Riga. Germany loses 7 pennants, incl. Battleship and two light cruisers, 50 sailors. The loss of the Russian Empire – gunboat, damaged battleship and three destroyers, 70 people. The photograph shows the battleship Slava, one of the best ships of the Russian fleet.
On October 14, 1915, Bulgaria joined the war on the side of the Central Powers. Allied Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian forces are pushing the Serb army out of their own country. At the beginning of the next year, 150,000 troops are evacuated to Corfu Island, to mainland Greece, to Thessaloniki, where they form the Thessaloniki Front. The fighting in Serbia is described by some historians as “lethargic,” but during the First World War this country lost a tenth of the population. By Christmas, the rush of the Germans and the Austrians on the Eastern Front is choking. There is a lull. The loss of the Russian army – 700,000 killed, 400,000 prisoners. Germany is losing 67,000 people, with a minimum number of prisoners, the Austro-Hungarian Iimperia 230,000 killed and some thousand prisoners. Photography is a Russian expeditionary corps on the Thessaloniki Front, 1916. Some strategists at GHQ believe that the Bulgarians will not shoot at the Russians. These illusions are scattered
We are aboard the Russian dreadnought “Catherine II”. From December 1915 the ship participates in raids on the Turkish coast. During the patrol of the Black Sea, on January 8, 1916, Catherine the Great met with the nominal owner of the water area from Turkey, the heavy cruiser “Geben” (to delight the ears of the Ottoman allies, Yavuz Sultan Selim). After several hits of fragmentation shells 305 mm. the guns of the “Empress”, with 20 km., German-Turkish cruiser leaves the scene of the battle. Do you hear the hubbub, the hum of mechanisms and the splashing of waves? Music of the time – waltz “Amur waves” (listen) … вальс “Амурские волны”, слушать
Erzurum offensive operations of the Russian troops (the Caucasian army) were preceded by successful defensive actions – the Alashkater operation on July 9-August 3, 1915, and the Battle of Keprikeo on December 28, 1915 – January 7, 1916. The attacking Turkish corps were bled off territory), or else and significantly pushed aside. Part of Persia is occupied. In order to avoid the entry of this country into the war, the troops of the Russian Empire go on the line of direct attack deep into Turkey. In the photo – the commander of the Caucasian army, General N. Yudenich (center) with a group of officers, 1915.
The city-fortress of Erzurum is the center of the eponymous administrative region of Turkey (approximately in the center of the area highlighted in red). The plans of the Russian command include the re-creation of the well-known Great Armenia known since ancient times, as well as the inclusion of some especially tasty regions of the Ottoman Empire directly into Russia. First of all, the General Headquarters, led by Nicholas II, is interested in the Straits and Constantinople-Istanbul. As part of the Russian army, despite some restrictions on the admission of volunteers, thousands of ethnic Armenians are fighting. Some of them take up arms before the beginning of the Armenian Genocide by the Turks, others after, so that the cause and effect of the first state terror in the twentieth century are difficult to establish. It should be noted that the Armenians themselves are cruel to the Muslims under their rule. It is precisely for this reason that Russians, who at the present time bear the cross of the highest tolerance in the world, do not seek to accept Armenians into the ranks of their units.
Russian soldiers visiting the Armenian settlement destroyed by the Turks. The surroundings of Erzurum, 1915
The forces of the opponents are comparable. The Caucasian army has 180 thousand fighters, the 3rd Turkish army is 135 thousand. Turkey sends a certain number of troops to Mesopotamia (northeast of modern Syria), to defeat the British. After that, the Ottomans intend to do away with the army of Yudenich. Russian commander acts on the lead. On January 7, after the artillery preparation, units of the Caucasian army begin the offensive. In a series of brutal attacks and counterattacks, the Ottoman morale is cracking. Photography – Russian battalion takes place in battle formation, Northern Turkey, 1916
Russian units use the latest military news of their time. Aerial photography of enemy positions is conducted from airplanes. In the course of the whole range of artillery – from light cannons, suitable for moving on mountain slopes, to heavy 152 mm. siege mortars. Troops are constantly СКАЧАТЬ