Digital SLR Photography All-in-One For Dummies. Robert Correll

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      ❯❯ Nikon starts its dSLRs with the letter D (think digital), followed by a number. In general, the smaller the number, the more advanced and expensive the camera. For example, the D5 is currently Nikon’s premier professional camera. The D3300, on the other hand, is an entry-level consumer camera.

      ❯❯ Canon uses the acronym EOS (electro-optical system) and then a specific model number to identify its digital SLRs. For example, the Canon EOS 80D is a mid-range model. Canon uses the term Rebel to identify its consumer dSLRs. The Rebels sport one of two model numbers, depending on the market they are sold in. For example, the EOS Rebel T6i is also known as the 750D. You may see it written as the EOS Rebel T6i/750D.

      ❯❯ Sony dSLRs and SLTs are identified by the letter A, followed by a two- or three-digit model number, such as the A99 or older A300. When you pronounce the name, you can say A as you would any other A, or you can say Alpha. New Sony models are all SLTs, which have translucent mirrors that do not need to move out of the way when you take a picture. The A77 II is a dSLT, although you may see it listed as an Interchangeable Lens Digital Camera (ILDC).

      Sony calls its digital Single Lens Translucent cameras SLTs. They are, in essence, dSLRs with the moving reflex mirror replaced by a translucent mirror that doesn’t move. The more general acronym is dSLT. For more information on how dSLTs differ from dSLRs, jump ahead to the upcoming section, “Mirror and viewfinder type.”

      ❯❯ Pentax dSLRs use the letter K followed by an identifying number, such as the K-70 and K-3 II.

      ❯❯ Olympus has phased out its digital SLRs in favor of the popular OM-D mirrorless “Micro Four Thirds” line (named Micro because they do not have the same mirror and optical viewfinder as standard Four Thirds system cameras). OM-D (I keep wanting to write “OM-G!”) cameras have interchangeable lenses and most of the same features as dSLRs. Although I don’t cover mirrorless cameras in depth in this book, they look, feel, and act like dSLRs in most ways. The main differences that you will notice are that they are smaller and thinner than most dSLRs. Like dSLTs, whose mirrors don’t move, cameras like the OM-D E-M10 do not “clunk” when you take a photo. There is no mirror to move. Older Olympus dSLRs are designated by the letter E followed by a number, such as the E-5.

      ❯❯ Full-frame: dSLRs whose image sensors are the same size as a 35mm frame of film are called full-frame dSLRs. This is the gold standard of professional dSLR quality. The aspect ratio of these sensors, and hence the photos you take with them, is the same as 35mm film: 3:2. Full-frame cameras have a crop factor of 1.0x. Nikon full-frame cameras are labeled FX.

      ❯❯ Cropped-frame: dSLRs whose sensors are smaller than a 35mm frame of film are called cropped-frame, cropped, or cropped-body dSLRs. There are several types of cropped-frame sensors:

       APS-C stands for Advanced Photo System, Classic. APS was a film format created in the mid-1990s. It had three print formats: C (classic print), H (wide print), and P (panoramic print). You chose the format you wanted using a switch on the camera. When developed, the print would come back cropped according to the setting you used. APS film cartridges were smaller and easier to load into cameras than 35mm film. APS cameras and film were quickly overshadowed by the introduction of affordable digital cameras and are not used anymore. Digital APS-C image sensors match the rough dimensions of APS film when shot in the classic format, hence the – C designation.