IC3: Internet and Computing Core Certification Computing Fundamentals Study Guide. Ciprian Adrian Rusen
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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">      C. The first software to run on a hardware device when it is powered on

      D. A web browser

      15. What is Safe Mode?

      A. A networking protocol

      B. A Windows error message

      C. The process of updating the firmware on a hardware device

      D. A different way of starting Windows that loads only the barest essentials that are required for Windows to function

      Answers to Assessment Test

      IC3 – Module 1: Computing Fundamentals

      1. D. The keyboard shortcut for Copy is Ctrl+C.

      2. C. Android is the only operating system in the list.

      3. A, B. Modern operating systems execute applications and commands in real time, and they allow multiple applications to run at the same time (multitasking).

      4. D. The Clipboard holds information temporarily until you opt to paste it somewhere else.

      5. C. Windows Update is a tool that keeps Windows up to date.

      6. C. The processor is the “brains” of a computer. The CPU is what carries out the instructions sent by the software you run.

      7. D. Peripherals are external hardware components that can be connected to a computer.

      8. B. A laptop is a portable computer that is suitable for mobile use.

      9. B. The amount of storage space is measured in bytes and its multiples. Modern computers tend to have large hard drives with lots of storage space. It is very common to have a hard disk in your computer with 500 GB of storage space or even 1 TB.

      10. C. Open source is a type of software license.

      11. D. The most popular examples of presentation programs are Microsoft PowerPoint (included in Microsoft Office) and Impress (included in LibreOffice).

      12. B, D. Personal entertainment applications allow you to do fun things on your computer, like listening to music or watching movies.

      13. C. Task Manager shows a list of all the applications that are running on your computer.

      14. C. Firmware is a very basic piece of software that contains only the instructions that are required for the hardware to work as intended. It is the first software to run on a device when it is powered on.

      15. D. Safe Mode is a different way of starting Windows that loads only the barest essentials that are required for Windows to function.

      Chapter 1

      Understanding Operating Systems

      THE FOLLOWING IC3 GS4: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:

      ✓ What Is An OS And What Does It Do?

      ■ Explain the differences between software applications and operating systems and demonstrate their uses.

      ■ Common OS features, explain each of their uses:

      ■ Power On/Power Off

      ■ Log on/log off/switch user

      ■ Lock/Unlock

      ■ Differences between common OSs

      ■ Explain how hardware can influence the Operating System and software and vice versa.

      ■ Software updates, security fixes, bugs, adaptation to new hardware. Demonstrate how to update software, using manual and automatic settings.

      ✓ Manage Computer Files and Folders

      ■ Directory and folder hierarchy and structure

      ■ Menu, Toolbar, and Window Navigation

      ■ Expand and Collapse

      ■ Folder views

      ■ File/Folder management

      ■ Keyboard shortcuts

      ■ Copy

      ■ Paste

      ■ Delete

      ■ Move

      ■ Rename

      ■ Create shortcuts

      ■ Search

      ■ Identify file extensions and their associations such as .docx, xlsx,pdf,mp3, etc.

      ✓ Manage Computer Configuration, Control Panel, OS, and Drivers

      ■ Basic Desktop Customization

      ■ Visual options

      ■ Languages

      ■ Date and Time

      ■ Accessibility options

      ■ Describe the various states of operation available in a typical consumer-level OS. Include Shutdown, hibernation, standby, fully awake, etc.

      ■ User accounts and rights

      ■ Group policy (specifically mobile)

      ■ Read/Write

      ■ Administrative vs. standard user rights

      ■ File and Directory Permissions

      

Modern computers and devices like smartphones and tablets consist of numerous components, even though some devices are really small. First, there are plenty of specialized hardware components like video cards or sound cards, each of which has its own role to play. Then there are the operating system (e.g., Windows) and the programs (e.g., Microsoft Office) that make the device useful to users. Without them, any piece of hardware, no matter how powerful, cannot be used. That's why, in this chapter, we will start by discussing the role each component plays in a modern computer and the basics of how they work together. Then we will focus on the operating system, what it does, how it works, and how to personalize it.

      Operating Systems and Their Roles When Using Computers and Devices

      We will start by defining hardware, software, and operating systems so that you have a good understanding on what they are and what their role is. As you will see, the relationship between them is quite delicate and very important. Any computer or device cannot function and cannot be used productively without these three elements working well together. That's why we will start by discussing them and by explaining all the key concepts that are involved.

What Is Hardware?

      Any computer or device is composed, at a physical level, of hardware. For example, a computer almost always has a monitor, a mouse and keyboard, a hard disk or flash memory, a graphics СКАЧАТЬ