Herbarium. Klaus H. Carl

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      1607: Birth of his nephew Michel-Basile Besler.

      1613: Besler publishes his Hortus Eystettensis in Eichstatt and Nuremberg. The work brings together 1,084 species of plants, classed in order of appearance according to the seasons, comprising 367 plates engraved using intaglio techniques, principally by Wolfgang Kilian. Printed in black and white, the herbarium was coloured by painters engaged by the richest buyers of the work.

      1616: Publication of engravings of the rarest “products” of nature, which he had brought together in his collection of curiosities.

      1627: Hieronymus Besler, Basilius’ brother, prints a new edition of the Hortus Eystettensis, a less lavish version with just 96 plates.

      1629: Basilius Besler dies on the 13th March in Nuremberg.

      1646–1648: Michel-Basile Besler publishes Mantissa ad Viretum stirpium Eystettense, as a complement and homage to his uncle’s Hortus Eystettensis.

      A herbarium, or Hortus Siccus, is a collection of plants that have been dried and preserved so as to illustrate as far as possible their different characters. Since the same plant, owing to peculiarities of climate, soil and situation, degree of exposure to light and other influences may vary greatly according to the locality in which it occurs, it is only by gathering together, for comparison and study, a large series of examples of each species that the flora of different regions can be satisfactorily represented. Even in the best-equipped botanical garden it is almost impossible to have more than a very small percentage of the representatives of the flora of any given region or large group of plants. Hence, a good herbarium forms an indispensable part of a botanical museum or institution. There are large herbaria at the British Museum and at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, and smaller collections at the botanical institutions at the principal British universities. Linnaeus’ original herbarium is in the possession of the Linnaen Society of London. It was purchased from the widow of Linnaeus by Dr. (later Sir) J. E. Smith, one of the founders of the Linnaen Society, and after his death was bought by the society. Herbaria are also associated with the more important botanical gardens and museums in other countries.

      Introductory plate: Hortus Eystettensis

      Plantarum Horti Eystæt

      Tensis

      Claffis Verna

      Introductory plate: Spring

      I. Ruscus aculeatus

      Butcher’s Broom

      Liliaceae-Asparagales

      II. Philadelphus coronarius

      Double-flowered Mock-orange

      Hydrangeaceae

      III. Philadelphus coronarius

      Single-flowered Mock-orange

      Hydrangeaceae

      I. Cercis siliquastrum

      Judas Tree

      Leguminosae-Caesalpinia

      II. Maianthemum bifolium

      False Lily of the Valley

      Liliaceae

      III. Botrychium lunaria

      Moonwort

      Ophioglossales-Pteridophyta

      IV. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium

      Golden Saxifrage

      Saxifragaceae

      I. Prunus specie

      Double-flowered Cherry

      Rosaceae

      II. Prunus padus

      Bird Cherry

      Rosaceae

      III. Picea abies

      Branch and cones of the Norway Spruce

      Conifer

      The value of a herbarium is much enhanced by the possession of “types”, that is, the original specimens on which the study of a species was founded. Thus the herbarium at the British Museum, which is especially rich in the earlier collections made in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, contains the types of many species founded by the earlier workers in botany. It is also rich in types of Australian plants from the collections of Sir Joseph Banks and Robert Brown, and contains in addition many valuable modern collections. The Kew herbarium, founded by Sir William Hooker and greatly developed by his son Sir Joseph Hooker, also contains many types, especially those of plants described in the Flora of British India and various colonial floras. The collection of Dillenius is deposited at Oxford, and that of Professor W. H. Harvey at Trinity College, Dublin. The collections of Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, his son Adrien and August de St. Hilaire are included СКАЧАТЬ