От царицы Тамары до д’Артаньяна. Путеводитель по мировой истории. Наталия Басовская

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ конце 20-х годов VII в. возникло арабское государство – Халифат, результат деятельности религиозного реформатора Мухаммеда. Через 20 лет после его смерти Халифат поглотил весь Иран и большую часть Византии, а со временем – четвертую часть тогдашнего цивилизованного мира. Были завоеваны страны Ближнего и Среднего Востока, Северная Африка, Юго-Запад Европы. Неотвратимая сила двигалась с Востока на Запад. Остановило ее то, что в Халифате тоже начались внутренние противоречия. Он распался – и был в свою очередь захвачен турками-сельджуками.

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