The family in historical and psychological aspects. Андрей Тихомиров

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      Stepfather: The spouse of a parent who is not a biological parent

      Sibling: sister or brother

      Half-brother: A brother or sister with whom the subject has only one biological parent

      Stepbrother: The child of a parent who is not the biological parent

      A brother or sister is a side relative with minimal removal. For collateral relatives with one additional deletion, one generation more distant from the common ancestor on the maternal or paternal side, more classification terms come into play. These terms (aunt, uncle, niece and nephew) are not based on the terms used in the nuclear family, since most of them are not traditionally members of the household. In these terms, there is traditionally no distinction between collateral relatives and a person married to a collateral relative (both collateral and cumulative). Side relatives with additional moves on each side are cousins. This is the most general term, and it can be distinguished by degrees of security and by generation (deletion).

      When only this topic has to be further deleted, everything in the world regarding the subject of parents, siblings, the terms aunt and uncle are used for female and male relatives, respectively. When only the relative has an additional deletion, the relative subjects of the child's siblings, the terms niece and nephew apply to female and male relatives, respectively. The spouse of a biological aunt or uncle is an aunt or uncle, and the nieces and nieces of a spouse are nieces and nieces.

      When a subject and a relative undergo additional removal, they become cousins. A cousin with minimal deletion is a cousin, that is, the child of the subject's uncle or aunt. The degrees of security and relocation are used to more accurately describe the relationship between cousins. Degree is the number of generations following a common ancestor before the parent of one of the cousins is found, while deletion is the difference between the number of generations from each cousin to the common ancestor (the difference between the generations from which the cousins originate).

      Cousins of the older generation (in other words, cousins of the parents), although technically cousins after removal, are often classified as "aunts" and "uncles".

      English speakers celebrate marital relations (with the exception of the wife/husband) with the "-in-law" tag. The mother and father of someone's spouse become someone's mother-in-law and father-in-law; the wife of someone's son becomes someone's daughter-in-law, and the husband of someone's daughter becomes someone's son-in-law. The term "sister-in-law" refers to two significantly different relationships: either the brother's wife or the spouse's sister. A "brother—in-law" is the husband of someone's sister or the brother of someone's spouse. The terms "stepbrother" and "stepsister" refer to siblings who have only one biological parent. The term "aunt in law" refers to the aunt of a spouse. An "uncle in law" is the uncle of a spouse. A "cousin" is the spouse of someone's cousin or the cousin of someone's spouse. The term "niece" refers to the wife of someone's nephew. A "nephew—in-law" is the husband of someone's niece. The grandparents of someone's spouse become someone's grandparents in law; the wife of someone's grandson becomes someone's granddaughter in law, and the husband of someone's granddaughter becomes someone's grandson in law. With the further removal of the subject for aunts and uncles and a relative for nieces and nephews, the prefix "grand-" changes these conditions. Upon further deletion, the prefix becomes "great-great-", adding another "great-great-" for each subsequent generation. For a large number of generations, the number can be replaced, for example, "fourth great-grandson", "four times great grandson" or "four times great-grandson". In Indian English, a relative by law who is the spouse of your brother or sister may be called a co-brother (in particular, a co-sister or co-brother).

      Within the framework of a group family, cohabitation in pairs took place for one period or another, which gradually led to the formation of a more or less stable paired family. However, this family, which united one married couple, was not an economic unit of society. In the era of the primitive tribal community (Late Paleolithic and Neolithic), the level of development of production, the technical armament of man in his struggle with nature were still too low for a paired family to farm independently. The economic unit of society remained the clan or, later, its large subdivision – the maternal extended family, which covered 4-5 generations of female relatives (men and women with offspring) and was headed by an older woman. The ethnographic data of the 19th and 20th centuries speak about the economic independence of a paired family within such a collective. about the archaic tribes of America, Melanesia, and Southeast Asia.