Musculoskeletal Disorders. Sean Gallagher
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Musculoskeletal Disorders - Sean Gallagher страница 10

Название: Musculoskeletal Disorders

Автор: Sean Gallagher

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Здоровье

Серия:

isbn: 9781119640134

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ 422

      425  423

      426  424

      427 425

      428 426

      429 427

      430  429

      431 430

      432 431

      433 432

      434 433

      435 434

      436 435

      437 436

      438 437

      439 438

      440  439

      441 440

      442 441

      443 442

      444 443

      445  444

      The Fatigue Failure Mechanism

       Sean Gallagher

       Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

       Mary F. Barbe

       Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

      The right of Sean Gallagher and Mary F. Barbe to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

      Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

      Editorial Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

      For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

      Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

      Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for:

      ISBN: 9781119640042

      Cover image: © MDGRPHCS/Shutterstock

      Cover design by Wiley

       Sean Gallagher

       To my parents, who taught me how to dream; to Hugh, the love of my life, for his continued aid and support; and to Susan, my twin and other half of my soul, for always being my best friend, companion, and muse.

       Mary F. Barbe

      During the course of my [SG’s] doctoral work with Dr. William S. Marras, I became familiar with the work of researchers such as Adams, Cyron, Hutton, and Brinckmann who had performed ex vivo studies examining the effects of repeated stress on fatigue failure of spinal motion segments (Adams & Hutton, 1985; Brinckmann, Biggemann, & Hilweg, 1988; Cyron & Hutton, 1978). When the time came to select a dissertation topic, the option of performing an ex vivo fatigue failure study on spines at different levels of forward flexion was offered and I accepted the opportunity. The results of our research showed once again that spines subjected to repeated stress exhibited a classic fatigue failure response, and that the relationship is also affected by the degree of flexion of the motion segments adopted (Gallagher et al., 2007).

      This research added to the existing body of evidence that cadaveric spinal motion segments fail in accordance with the mechanism of fatigue failure. However, though ex vivo fatigue failure data (on various musculoskeletal tissues) had been accumulating for some time, the implications of this mechanism regarding tissue damage were generally neither reflected in the development of musculoskeletal risk assessment tools nor in epidemiological studies examining musculoskeletal disorder risk factors. It is not entirely clear why this is the case, but it is the author's belief that researchers were reluctant to assume that this process would work in a similar manner in the setting of a complex biological system. This is understandable as no real evidence existed at that time that such a process was actually taking place in vivo.

      One СКАЧАТЬ