Industry 4.0 Vision for the Supply of Energy and Materials. Группа авторов

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      1.9.3 Interoperability of Wireless Communication in Industry 4.0

Given that different communication technologies offer specific equipment and often use proprietary protocols and RFs, the interoperability of various networks is not yet guaranteed in industrial deployment. This results in complexity for both systems and end users. In addition, some current industrial networks are not practical in the near future. For instance, the standard bandwidth of an industrial control network is 100 Mb, which will not be able to handle the required data rates just a few years from now [223]. On the other hand, most of existing wireless communications target control systems and non-critical monitoring, and it is necessary to propose a viable wireless network for real-time services and process systems.

      1.9.3.1 Possible Solutions

      The future trend to use wireless communication in Industry 4.0 use cases is to standardize network protocols and technologies and to provide feasible deployment across equipment vendors, applications, and geo-locations. In the coming years, some wireless standards will be reviewed, standardized, and enhanced for some application domains. Currently, several wireless communication technologies offer partially modified and updated versions to cope with the industry and technology demands [214]. For instance, Wi-Fi6 is an initiative of the IEEE 802.11 family that will offer extended range and higher bandwidth in the coming years [87].

      1.10 Conclusion

      Industry 4.0 is a blueprint that digitizes the value chain and is highly instrumental in bringing physical production processes and their inherent real-time control functionalities to life. An essential aspect of implementing Industry 4.0 is the seamless connectivity of all value creation factors: service user, marketplace, and service provider. This concept envisages smart environments that offer a certain degree of automated control and processing, with minimum human interventions. At the core of this networking and integrated data concept is seamless communication that connects industrial environments and production areas. Diverse wireless standards and technologies are available to accelerate the deployment of smart technologies in process control and automation applications.

In this chapter, we first reviewed the concept of Industry 4.0 along with its technological requirements and applications. Subsequently, we detailed wireless technologies and international standards in this context. Since each wireless solution has its own pros and cons, we compared them based on a set of technical performance metrics to assist in choosing the appropriate wireless communication for a given application. Considering that existing wireless systems will be complemented or replaced by new developments such as cellular networks and MTC communications, such technologies were also fully covered in this chapter. A list of objectives in terms of resource and service indicators was also provided for an efficient design of wireless networks in IIoT environment. Finally, MAC protocols and smart sensors were discussed to address the key issues in the design process of wireless connectivity in the industrial Internet. We also reviewed a number of future research trends and directions in wireless communication for Industry 4.0.

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