THE GOOD NEWS OF JESUS, THE CHRIST AND THE SON OF GOD, ACCORDING TO JOHN. Manfred Diefenbach

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СКАЧАТЬ John the Baptist’s disciples: “Andrew” (in Greek “Andréas”¹⁰⁸ in vv. 40a, 44b and in John 6:8; 12:22; Mark 1:16, 29; 3:18; 13:3; Matthew 4:18; 10:2; Luke 6:14; Acts 1:13), “the brother of Simon Peter” (v. 41a), who accepted John the Baptist’s testimony about Jesus (verbal – cf. v. 37a) by “following” Him (non-verbal – cf. v. 37b). Who is the second anonymous (cf. John 21:2) “follower”?¹⁰⁹ Is it Philip (cf. vv. 43–46, 48 and 6:5, 7; 12:21–22; 14:8–9), the so-called “beloved disciple” (cf. 13:23; 19:26–27; 21:7, 20–24) respectively the “other disciple” (cf. 18:15–16; 20:2–10) or somebody else (of His disciples)? Both found that what they sought (cf. v. 38c) – the “Lamb of God” (vv. 29b, 36b), the “Son of God” (v. 34b), the “Rabbi” (vv. 38e, 49b).

      + The Call of Simon Peter (vv. 41–42)

      v. 41: “First” Andrew “found”¹¹⁰ (vv. 41a, c, 43c, 45a, d) his “brother” (v. 40a and John 6:8; Mark 1:16; Matthew 4:18; 10:2; Luke 6:14) and he informed him (cf., for example, John 4:28; 20:24–29; Acts 4:20; Romans 10:17) about the “finding” of “the Messiah” (Hebrew – in Greek “ho Chrɩstós” – cf. vv. 17b, 20c, 25c, 41c) that means “the anointed” (v. 41d and John 4:25).

      v. 42: Andrew led his brother “Simon”¹¹¹ (in Greek “Símon” in vv. 40a, 41a₂, 42c) to “Jesus” who “looked at” (v. 36a) the “newcomer” and welcomed him, saying: “Simon, the son of” (cf. v. 45e) “John” (cf. 21:15b, 16b, 17b). Then He directly gave him the new (nick-)name “Kephãs” (in Hebrew for “rock” – cf. 1 Corinthians 1:12; 3:22; 9:5; 15:5; Galatians 1:18; 2:9, 11, 14) respectively “Pétros”¹¹² (in Greek in vv. 40a, 42e and cf. Mark 3:16/Luke 6:14; Matthew 16:18). So we have a double way to identify two very important persons (VIP) of the Fourth Gospel in verses 41–42: First, Andrew titled Jesus with the messianic title “Messiah”/“Christ”, however Jesus named Simon “Cephas”/“Peter”.

      The call of the first three disciples (Andrew, the other unnamed disciple, Simon Peter) is like a “domino effect”¹¹³ or a “wild fire”:

      John the Baptist → Andrew and a second one (cf. vv. 35–37) –

      Jesus → Andrew and the unnamed one (cf. vv. 38–39/40) –

      Andrew → Simon (cf. vv. 41–42a) –

      Jesus → Simon (cf. v. 42b–d).

      - The Call of Philip and Nathanael (vv. 43–51)

      In the same way, Jesus first “found” (vv. 41a, c, 43c, 45a, d) Philip (cf. v. 43) who “found” and informed “Nathanael” about Jesus (cf. v. 45) so that both became His disciples:

      Jesus → Philip (v. 43 [– if the unnamed second man is Philip¹¹⁴ then also vv. 35–37; John the Baptist → Andrew and Philip]) –

      Jesus → Andrew and the unnamed one (vv. 38–39) –

      Philip → Nathanael (vv. 45–46) –

      Jesus → Nathanael (vv. 47–51).

      As in verses 39 (as an order), 42, Jesus called His disciples after His seeing¹¹⁵ (cf. vv. 38b, 42b, 48e, 50c and Mark 1:16, 19/Matthew 4:18, 21; Mark 2:14; Matthew 9:9) by His word (cf. vv. 43 [as an order], 47–51).

      + The Call of Philip (vv. 43–44)

      v. 43: As in verses 29a, 35a, the phrase “the next day” (in Greek “tẽ epaúrɩon”) introduces the call of “Philip”¹¹⁶ (cf. vv. 43e, 44a, 45a, 46c, 48d and John 6:5, 7; 12:21–22; 14:8–9) on His way to “Galilee”¹¹⁷ (cf. 2:1; 4:3, 43, 54; 7:1, 9). “Jesus” “found” (vv. 41a, c, 43c, 45a, d) Philip there and called upon him (cf., for example, 1 Kings 19:19): “Follow me” – note also the imperative in John 21:19, 22; Mark 2:14; 8:34; 10:21; Matthew 8:22; 9:9; 16:24; 19:21, 28; Luke 5:27; 9:23, 59; 18:22[; Acts 12:8]. To follow Jesus means going behind Jesus as the leader and acting according to His will – then and now.

      v. 44: The Fourth Evangelist has linked Jesus’ call of “Philip” and His first call of the two brothers “Andrew” (cf. vv. 40–41) and Simon “Peter” (cf. vv. 40–42) with the remark that these three disciples were citizens of the same Galilean “town”¹¹⁸ “Bethsaida”¹¹⁹ (= “House of Fish”). According to Mark 1:16–18/Matthew 4:18–20; Luke 5:1–11, Simon Peter and Andrew were fishermen there.

      + The Call of Nathanael (vv. 45–51)

      v. 45: After the call of “Philip”, he “found” (vv. 41a, c, 43c, 45a, d) “Nathanael” (in Greek “Nathanael”¹²⁰ [= God has given] in vv. 45a, 46a, 47a, 48a, 49a and John 21:2) (“from the Galilean Cana” [21:2] – cf. 2:1a) and informed him (cf. v. 41b): “[We have found] the one ( ) Moses¹²¹ in the Law¹²²” (cf. v. 17a and 7:19, 23; 8:5; Luke 2:22; 24:44; Acts 13:38; 15:5; 28:23; Romans 10:5; 1 Corinthians 9:9; Hebrews 9:19; 10:28) – as the Torah, the first of three parts of the Hebrew Bible with the five “books of Moses” –

      “and the prophets” (cf. vv. 21f, 23d, 25d and Luke 24:27) – as the second part of the Hebrew Bible, the so-called “TaNaK”¹²³ –

      (wrote) [ ]” (cf. John 6:45; 8:17; 10:34; 15:25 – 20:30–31; 21:24–25) –

      “Jesus of Nazareth” (in Greek “Nazaréth” in vv. 45d, 46b – cf. 18:5, 7; 19:19),

      “the son of” (v. 42c) “Joseph”¹²⁴ (cf. John 6:42 and Luke 3:23; 4:22 – “the son of Mary” in Mark 6:3; Matthew 13:55) – so the earthly origin/identification of Jesus in contrast to verse 49.

      v. 46: “Nathanael” ironically asked Philip with a negative prejudice: “From Nazareth?” (v. 45d) – “Can anything good come /there/?”

      As in verse 39b, Philip said to him: “Come and see” – note the imperatives in present tense!

      v. 47: In the same way as in verse 42, “Jesus” “saw” (in Greek “eῖden”/“eῖdon”, Aorist of “horáo” in vv. 47a, 48f, 50c) “Nathanael coming to Him” and He started a dialogue with him: “Behold” (cf. vv. 29b, 36b), here “truly /is an/ I s r a e lite¹²⁵” without “guile/trick/deceit”¹²⁶ (cf. Psalm 31:2 [LXX]; Zephaniah 3:13 versus Genesis 27:35).

      v. 48: “Nathanael” was surprised, asking: “From where¹²⁷/how do you know me?” – as in verse 42c, Jesus knew “Simon, the son of John”.

      “( ) Jesus (answered) СКАЧАТЬ