An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse. William E. Schreiber
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse - William E. Schreiber страница 13

Название: An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse

Автор: William E. Schreiber

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Химия

Серия:

isbn: 9781119794073

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ an acid or base will alter the pH Oxidant Tests for oxidants can detect chromate, nitrite, bleach, peroxide, and iodine. Normal human urine does not contain oxidants above the assay cut‐off, and increased values may indicate adulteration Nitrite Nitrite is not detectable in normal urine samples, but it may be elevated in patients with a urinary tract infection. High levels of nitrite may indicate an adulterated sample Chromate Chromate is an effective oxidizing agent, and it is not normally present in human urine. A positive test suggests that the urine sample has been adulterated Aldehyde Glutaraldehyde and other aldehydes are not present in normal human urine. A positive test suggests that the sample has been adulterated

      Interpretation of Specimen Validity Testing

Test Dilute Substituted
Creatinine ≥2 and <20 mg/dL <2 mg/dL
Specific gravity >1.001 and <1.003 ≤1.001 OR ≥1.020

      a Both criteria (creatinine and specific gravity) must be met.

Test Adulterated
pH <3.0
≥11.0
Nitrite ≥500 μg/mL
Chromium (VI) Present
Glutaraldehyde Present

      a Any one criterion is adequate. Depending on how samples are tested, other adulterants may be detected as well.

pH value ≥3.0 and <4.5 and ≥9.0 and <11.0
Nitrite value ≥200 and <500 μg/mL
Inconsistency between creatinine and specific gravity
Interference in a screening or confirmatory assay
Presence of oxidizing compounds
Possible presence of:
chromium (VI)halogen (e.g., iodide)surfactant (e.g., soap)
Physical appearance of specimen

      a Individual laboratories may use different or additional criteria.

      Articles

      1 Allen, K.R. (2011). Screening for drugs of abuse: which matrix, oral fluid or urine? Ann. Clin. Biochem. 48: 531–541.

      2 Bosker, W.M. and Huestis, M.A. (2009). Oral fluid testing for drugs of abuse. Clin. Chem. 55: 1910–1931.

      3 Cooper, G.A.A., Kronstrand, R., and Kintz, P. (2012). Society of hair testing guidelines for drug testing in hair. Forensic Sci. Int. 218: 20–24.

      4 Dasgupta, A. (2007). The effects of adulterants and selected ingested compounds on drugs‐of‐abuse testing in urine. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 128: 491–503.

      5 Verstraete, A.G. (2004). Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine and oral fluid. Ther. Drug Monit. 26: 200–205.

      Book chapter

      1 Garg, U. and Cooley, C. (2019). Testing of drugs of abuse in oral fluid, sweat, hair, and nail: analytical, interpretative, and specimen adulteration issues. In: Critical Issues in Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Testing, 2nd Edition (ed. A. Dasgupta), 405–427. Academic Press.

      Technical assistance publication

      1 Clinical Drug Testing in Primary Care (2012). HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12‐4668. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma12‐4668.pdf.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, СКАЧАТЬ