2022 / 2023 ASVAB For Dummies. Angie Papple Johnston

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СКАЧАТЬ you can communicate with others. The military wants to be sure that you can follow directions for using and maintaining equipment, rules and regulations outlined in military manuals, and all the things your superiors are telling you — and that you can communicate with the troops working under you. Whether you’re trying to get more supplies (submit necessary logistical requisitions) or get the assignment you want (via application for personnel career-enhancement programs), you need to develop a good vocabulary. The military considers clear communication so important that it’s taught and graded at all levels of training (including basic training).

       The Word Knowledge subtest is one of the four most important subtests on the ASVAB (along with Paragraph Comprehension, Mathematics Knowledge, and Arithmetic Reasoning). This subtest makes up a significant portion of the AFQT score — the score that determines your eligibility for military service. You also need to do well on the Word Knowledge subtest to qualify for many military jobs, such as air traffic controller, military intelligence, and even firefighting.

Table 4-1 shows the military line scores that are calculated by using your Word Knowledge subtest score.

TABLE 4-1 Military Line Scores That Use the Word Knowledge Score

Branch of Service	Line Score
U.S. Army	Clerical, Combat, General Technical, Operators and Food, Skilled Technical, and Surveillance and Communications
U.S. Air Force	Administrative, General, and Mechanical
U.S. Navy/Coast Guard	Administrative, General Technician, Hospital, Nuclear, and Operations
U.S. Marine Corps	Clerical and General Technician

      Chapter 2 has more information about military line scores. Check out Appendix A for more information on the scores you need to get the job you want.

Checking Out the Word Knowledge Question Format

      The Word Knowledge portion of the ASVAB measures your vocabulary. The questions usually come in one of two types:

       The first type asks for a straight definition.

       The second type gives you an underlined word used in the context of a sentence.

When you’re asked for a straight definition, your task is quite simple: Choose the answer closest in meaning to the underlined word. Look at the following example:

       Abate most nearly means

      (A) encourage.

      (B) relax.

      (C) obstruct.

      (D) terminate.

      Abate means to suppress or terminate. In this case, the correct answer is Choice (D).

      When you see an underlined word in a sentence, your goal is to choose the answer closest in meaning to the underlined word. Remember: Closest in meaning doesn’t mean the exact same thing. You’re looking for similar or related words. For example:

       The house was derelict.

      (A) solid

      (B) run-down

      (C) clean

      (D) inexpensive

      Here, the answer is Choice (B).

       Keep in mind that although you may know the word in the question, you may not know one or more of the words in the multiple-choice answers. If this is the case, use the process of elimination to help you narrow down your choices. Eliminate the words that you know are wrong and then choose the one that’s most likely correct from what’s left.

Building Words from Scratch: Strategies to Help You Decipher Word Meanings

      Webster’s Third New International Dictionary lists more than 470,000 word entries. Fortunately, you don’t need to study all of them. It’s possible to decipher English word meanings even if you’ve never heard a particular word before.

      Developing a large vocabulary takes time — often years. However, just because you have a limited amount of time to study doesn’t mean you should give up hope. Instead, focus on the tips throughout this section to help you improve your Word Knowledge score.

      From beginning to end: Knowing prefixes and suffixes

      Prefixes, roots, and suffixes are the main parts that make up words. Not every word has all three, but most have at least one. A word’s prefix — the first syllable — affects its meaning. A suffix is the last syllable in a word, and it, too, affects the word’s meaning. Roots are the parts that lie in the middle of a word. Think of roots as the base of the word and prefixes and suffixes as word parts that are attached to the base to modify its meaning. (Check out the following section for more info on — you guessed it — roots.)

These basic word parts generally have the same meaning in whatever word they’re used. For instance, the prefix pro- means in favor of, forward, or positive, whether you use it in the word proton or the word proceed.

Tables 4-2 and 4-3 list some common prefixes and suffixes. Each list has the word part, its meaning, and one word that uses each word part. Write down additional words that use each word part to help you memorize the list. You can find even more prefixes, suffixes, and roots in Appendix C.

      Suffixes are busy little word segments. They affect the meaning of a word and usually tell you what part of speech a word is (which comes in handy when you’re navigating through Word Knowledge questions that you can’t answer immediately).

TABLE 4-2 Prefixes

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Prefix	Meaning	Sample Word
a-	no, not	atheist