Application of Nanotechnology in Mining Processes. Группа авторов
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      1.3.2 Principle REE Extraction Using PAMAM

Contaminants Mode of removal Study outcome Reference
Cu2+ and Pb2+ A single and binary component system using modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with four generations of poly-amidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM, G4) for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+. The study was very effective, achieving high adsorption capacities for copper and lead (3333 and 4870 mg/g respectively). [68]
Mn(II) silica-gel supported amino- and ester-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers. The adsorption of the contaminant in solution is dependent on the terminal group. The results revealed that amino-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers could be potentially used as promising adsorbents for the effective removal of Mn(II) from an aqueous solution. [69]
Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) As-synthesized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite was grafted polyamidoamine dendrimer. The adsorption capacities of metal ions were 435.85, 326.729 and 353.59 mg g-1 for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively, which proves excellent removal ability of the metal ion from water and wastewater. [70]
Hg2+ Carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) dendrimers grafted superparamagnetic nanoparticles with the core-shell structure for selective removal of mercury from the aquatic sample. As a result, the carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) dendrimers grafted superparamagnetic nanoparticles displayed excellent properties and rebinding ability toward Hg2+ ions. [71]
Ni2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ Metal ion remediation using polyamidoamine dendrimers as a chelating agent. Metal ion removal rates from simulated wastewater were evaluated for these metal ions, and the complexation of Ni2+ to internal tertiary amine sites occurred more rapidly than that of Fe3+, which was more rapid than Fe2+. [72]

      1.4.1 Process Overview

      1.4.2 Components and Their Functions

       1.4.2.1 Reactor 1 – Collection Tank

      This is the initial stage of the reaction where the acidic effluent collected from mine drainage is being stored in a tank for filtration. The filtration process will remove all solid materials and coarse impurities such as algae and suspended rock particles.

       1.4.2.2 Reactor 2 – Mixing Tank