Resilience. Sandrine Robert
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Название: Resilience

Автор: Sandrine Robert

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Математика

Серия:

isbn: 9781119881407

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ Resilience

       Persistence and Change in Landscape Forms

      Sandrine Robert

      First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

      Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

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      John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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      © ISTE Ltd 2021

      The rights of Sandrine Robert to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2021948134

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

      ISBN 978-1-78630-666-1

      Acknowledgments

      I would like to thank Lena Sanders, my supervisor for this work, and the members of the review committee: Étienne Anheim, Jean-Marc Besse, Claude Raynaud, Magali Reghezza-Zit and Sander Van der Leeuw.

      This work owes much to valuable discussions and exchanges within research groups I have attended, notably the GDR 2137 TESORA, Traitement de l’espace des sociétés rurales anciennes, coordinated by Gérard Chouquer (CNRS); the ANR program, Alpage; Analyse diachronique de l’espace parisien: approche géomatique, coordinated by Hélène Noizet (University of Paris 1); and the Dynamique des systèmes de peuplement dans la longue durée group, coordinated by Lena Sanders, Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier, and Patrice Brun at the Laboratoire d’excellence: Dynamiques territoriales et spatiales (LabEx DynamiTe, ANR project overseen by the University of Paris 1). The ArchéoFab program, Archéologies du Bassin parisien, réseau de sites et réseau d’acteurs at the ArScAn (UMR 7041), directed by Laurent Costa and Christophe Petit, has also provided constant support since 2003. On an international scale, discussions within the Theory and Methods in Landscape Archaeology-Archaeogeography group, which I founded in 2011 under the umbrella of the International Union of Prehistoric and Proto-Historic Sciences (UISPP), have also been a rich source of information and inspiration.

      I would also like to thank Sébastien Le Pipec for his help with my translations, and to Marta Berbès-Blàzquez, William Found, Lance Gunderson, Marten Scheffer and Brian Walker who allowed me to translate and make use of their illustrations, in some cases with my own additions; François Durand-Dastès, who kindly provided me with an updated version of his systemogenesis diagram; and Laurent Costa, who was able to transform my somewhat abstract ideas into helpful diagrams, leading to the illustrations to be found in this book.

      Finally, heartfelt thanks to Laurent, Hadrien and Jean-Baptiste, my support team throughout the whole process. To them I dedicate this book.

      1 1 In the French university system, the Habilitation à diriger les recherches (HDR) is a postdoctoral qualification that gives access to higher level university teaching posts (e.g. professorships). Obtained on the basis of a reviewed publication (thesis), the HDR is also a prerequisite for directing PhD students.

      2 2 Original title: Résiliences et circulations dans les formes du paysage. Parcours en archéogéographie. This book is based on volume 2, entitled La résilience : un cadre pour penser la persistance et le changement dans les formes du paysage.

      Introduction

      Landscapes are constantly changing and evolving. From rural settings to cities, things appear, disappear or are replaced on a daily basis. But traces of the past are all around us: paths, buildings and hedges all betray the presence of former populations. Taking a bird’s eye view, using planimetric documents (maps, topological surveys, etc.) in conjunction with modern aerial photography, the coexistence of old and new is plain to see. The layout, or ground footprint, of elements in a landscape (buildings, paths, hedges and ditches, fields, gardens, and so on) tends to subsist for far longer than the most apparent forms, which we encounter in our daily lives. In what follows, the terms “shape” and “ground footprint” will be used to distinguish between these two layers. The “shape” of a landscape is that which we see directly. This term, borrowed from the field of topography, is used in archeogeography to refer to all types of forms in three-dimensional space (i.e. “volumes”), be they man-made or of natural origin (Chouquer 1997a, p. 15). The space which the volume occupies on the ground, that is, its footprint, is a two-dimensional form, seen from above, which can be mapped. In archeogeography, the ground footprint of elements in a landscape has been referred to as the tracé en plan (map trace; Chouquer 1997a, p. 15), forme en plan (plan form) or tracé (trace; Robert 2003a, p. 117 and 127).