Reading Hegel. Slavoj Žižek

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      2 The equally widespread return of philosophies of nature to the contemporary philosophical scene. The chapter shows by drawing on a variety of different (anecdotal, systematic, didactical, and biographical) material why it is precisely Hegel’s concept of nature that forces us to avoid all types of naturalization.

      Agon Hamza in the third and the final chapter takes up the problem of Hegel’s materialism. It begins with the claim that it is not Hegel who requires a materialist reversal but Marx. It develops a Hegelian critique of Marx. It formulates a discussion of the (ir)religious criticism in Marx and Hegel’s readings of Christianity. The problem of the state remains one of the most important topics in the contemporary debates of the Left. Clearly, Marx and Marxism in general failed to outline a theory of the state different from that of capitalist form. The contemporary Left, predominantly, wants to do away with the state tout court, but without having a general idea of how to organize the society in its basic levels, even when faced with the serious challenges that call for universal cooperation. Therefore, the return to Hegel’s theory of the state offers us the possibility of conceptualizing a vision of a “non-statal state” as a political possibility.

What is a Hegelian account of a present that has ultimately become (somewhat) Hegelian (in philosophy)? We are well aware that this book does not exhaust or fulfill its self-set task, yet we assume that the three chapters can nonetheless stand – in very Hegelian fashion, almost as a concrete universality – to produce an insight into Hegel’s universality and contemporaneity, so that it becomes visible that Hegel has been with us all along. If this attempt generates further critical and harsh discussions among the friends of Hegel, this work will have served this end even more successfully. The aim of the present book is neither simply to assert the relevance of Hegel’s thought, nor only to explore the ways in which one can and maybe should be a Hegelian today, but also to depict why it is precisely Hegel who provides a major point of orientation and conceptual tools for understanding the present world as it is.

      You will find in the following three attempts to avoid the arrogant position that we deem Adorno rightly criticized. But what does this mean? For us, it means you will get three attempts to treat Hegel as our contemporary, and with whom we attempt to look at the present, since we believe that his theoretical eyes can help us see what otherwise remains invisible, in the present as well as to the naked eye. Be prepared, you will get three attempts to look with Hegelian eyes through Hegelian glasses.

      Berlin/Ljubljana/Prishtina, April 2021

Notes

      1 1. Karl Marx, 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ch01.htm.

      2 2. This is what Žižek has repeatedly argued to be true for the immediate Hegelian aftermath from Kierkegaard through Schopenhauer, Marx, and even Schelling.

      3 3. G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), pp. 6–7.

      4 4. Cf. Alenka Zupančic, The Odd One In: On Comedy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), or Mladen Dolar, “The Comic Mimesis,” Critical Inquiry 43 (Winter 2017): 570–589.

      5 5. Theodor W. Adorno, Hegel: Three Studies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993), p. xxi.

      6 6. Benedetto Croce, What is Living and What is Dead of the Philosophy of Hegel? (London: Kessinger Publishing, 2008).

      7 7. Theodor W. Adorno, Hegel: Three Studies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993) p. xxi.

      8 8. Cf. Bertolt Brecht, “On Hegelian Dialectic,” Autodidact Project: http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/hegel-brecht.html.

      9 9. G.W.F Hegel, Science of Logic (New York: Humanity Books, 1969), p. 54

      10 10. On this, cf. for example: Slavoj Žižek, Sex and the Failed Absolute (London: Bloomsbury, 2020).

      11 11. G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on the History of Philosophy: Greek Philosophy to Plato (Lincoln: University of Nebraska University Press), p. 38.

      12 12. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 47.

      13 13. G.W.F. Hegel, Philosophie der Kunst. Vorlesung von 1826 (Frankfurt am Main, 2005), p. 64.

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