Active Electrical Distribution Network. Группа авторов

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3 Existing Problems Related to Electrical Distribution Network, Part 2 Technical, Economical, and Environmental

       Shilpa Kalambe1, Sanjay Jain2, Bhojraj N. Kale3, and, Ujwala B. Malkhandale4

       1Electrical Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur, M.S., India

       2Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department, R.K.D.F. University, Bhopal, M.P., India

       3Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur, M.S., India

       4Electrical Engineering Department, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, M.S., India

      3.1 Introduction

The rigorously growing advancements in the technologies and theories discovered for upgrading and updating the performance of a power system have affected the traditionally trailing operating scenario. This ultimately has unveiled many fields for researchers to study and show their skills in bringing back the normal state of the system after incorporating all those theories efficaciously. This era of updating and upgrading has witnessed the increasingly mature distribution system that is systematized as active distribution networks cope with complicated conventional power grids [1–5]. The issues of deleting natural resources, tremendously rising fossil fuel prices, grid security, and economic and environmental concerns have convinced governments around the globe to showcase favorable approaches toward the development of evolving microgrids. Impending microgrids facilitate a high rate of renewable penetration and proved to be significant building blocks of smart grids. Anyone can predict the well-advanced distribution system and will be well acquainted with all the pros and cons of existing issues it is facing. The attention-seeking issues of the distribution system, which certainly require to be addressed for efficient planning and restructuring of it, are as follows:

      All these issues are strongly endorsed by the network operators, economists, and researchers working in the investigations of various parameters that hamper the performance of the power system, outcomes of newly authorized structure insertion, evaluation of load patterns, and their survival through preplanned as well as sudden strategies implemented for improving the system efficiency. This chapter presents a thorough comparative analysis of the state-of-the-art of addressing all these technical as well as non-technical problems relevant to distribution system utility.

      3.2 What Is the Distribution System?

The distribution system is an integral part of a power system that distributes electric power to an end user at a low or medium voltage level. It is the part of the power network that connects the generation and transmission network to the consumer’s meter [6]. It is a major part of the power system and reaches every nook and corner of the consumer’s property. Its main objective is to transfer electricity to consumers using the defined standards of all performance parameters such as efficiency, quality, and reliability. The main concern of researchers in this area is minimizing energy losses and refining performance indices such as stability, contingency, and voltage profile [7]. Thus, while designing or upgrading an existing structure of the distribution system all its features and problems should be thoroughly studied and analyzed to exhibit optimum utilization of the resources. The substantial concerns of the distribution system are losses, power quality, grid security, economy, and unsuitable existing structures to cope with ever increasing demands [8].

      3.3 Existing Problems Related to the ElectricalDistribution Network

A comprehensive survey of the literature available in this field reveals various technical, economical, and environmental problems in the distribution systems, which are listed in Figure 3.1.