The Mixed Multitude. Pawel Maciejko

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant

      from the Herbert D. Katz Publications Fund

      of the Center for Avanced Judaic Studies.

      Copyright © 2011 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for

      purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book

      may be reproduced in any form by any means without

      written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

      www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Maciejko, Paweł, 1971–

      The mixed multitude : Jacob Frank and the Frankist movement, 1755– 1816 / Paweł Maciejko. — 1st ed.

      p. cm. — (Jewish culture and contexts)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4315-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Frank, Jacob, ca. 1726–1791. 2. Jewish Messianic movements—Europe, Eastern—History. 3. Judaism—Europe, Eastern—History—18th century. 4. Judaism—Europe, Eastern—History—19th century. I. Title. II. Series: Jewish culture and contexts.

      BM755.F68M33 2011

       To my mother and thememory of my father

      And the People of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot, who were men, beside children. And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, and very many cattle.

      —Exod. 12:37-38

      It is them [the mixed multitude] who cause the world to revert to the state of waste and void. The mystery of this matter is that because of them the Temple was destroyed, “and the earth was waste and void” [Gen. 1:2], for [the Temple] is the center and foundation of the world. Yet as soon as the light, which is the Holy One, blessed be He, comes, they will be wiped off the face of the earth and will perish.

      —Zohar 1:25b

      Contents

      ____________________

       Preface

       Introduction

       Chapter 1. In the Shadow of the Herem

       Chapter 2. The Peril of Heresy, the Birth of a New Faith

       Chapter 3. Where Does Frankism Fit In?

       Chapter 4. The Politics of the Blood Libel

       Chapter 5. How Rabbis and Priests Created the Frankist Movement

       Chapter 6. Ghosts of the Past, Heralds of the Future

       Chapter 7. The Fall of Edom

       Chapter 8. The Vagaries of the Charlatans

       Chapter 9. The Ever-Changing Masquerade

       List of Current and Historical Place Names

       List of Abbreviations

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments