The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ the availability of telephone service is being improved; however, telephone density is presently minimal, and making telephone service universally available will take some time domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed and mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding international: Unisur submarine cables; two international gateways near Buenos Aires (1999)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations),

       FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998)

      Radios: 24.3 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 42 (plus 444 repeaters) (1997)

      Televisions: 7.95 million (1997)

      Internet country code: .ar

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 33 (2000)

      Internet users: 3.88 million (2001)

      Transportation Argentina

      Railways: total: 33,744 km (167 km electrified) broad gauge: 20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,739 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified) narrow gauge: 10,154 km 1.000-m gauge; 257 km 0.750-m gauge (2000 est.)

      Highways: total: 215,434 km paved: 63,553 km (including 734 km of expressways) unpaved: 151,881 km (1998 est.)

      Waterways: 10,950 km

      Pipelines: crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km

      Ports and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia,

       Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos,

       Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia

      Merchant marine: total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 147,505 GRT/222,500 DWT ships by type: cargo 9, petroleum tanker 10, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Arab Emirates 1, Uruguay 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports: 1,369 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 144 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 60 914 to 1,523 m: 45 under 914 m: 9 (2001)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: Military Argentina

      Military branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes naval aviation and Marines), Coast Guard, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Aeronautical Police Force

      Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 9,521,633 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 7,721,219 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 335,085 (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $4.3 billion (FY99)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.3% (FY00)

      Transnational Issues Argentina

      Disputes - international: claims UK-administered Falkland Islands

       (Islas Malvinas); claims UK-administered South Georgia and the South

       Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps

       British and Chilean claims

      Illicit drugs: used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; increasing use as a money-laundering center; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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      Australia

      Introduction

      Australia

      Background: Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. It was able to take advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef. A referendum to change Australia's status, from a commonwealth headed by the British monarch to an independent republic, was defeated in 1999.

      Geography Australia

      Location: Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South

       Pacific Ocean

      Geographic coordinates: 27 00 S, 133 00 E

      Map references: Oceania

      Area: total: 7,686,850 sq km water: 68,920 sq km note: includes Lord

       Howe Island and Macquarie Island land: 7,617,930 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 25,760 km

      Maritime claims: 12 NM exclusive economic zone: Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north

      Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m highest point: Mount

       Kosciuszko 2,229 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum

      Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% other: 93% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 24,000 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires

      Environment - current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic

       Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Environmental СКАЧАТЬ