The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ been severely hurt by ethnic strife with Azerbaijan over control of the

       Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, a mostly Armenian-populated enclave

       within the national boundaries of Azerbaijan. In addition to outright

       warfare, the strife has included interdiction of Armenian imports on the

       Azerbaijani railroads and expensive airlifts of supplies to beleagured

       Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh. An earthquake in December 1988 destroyed

       about one-tenth of industrial capacity and housing, the repair of which has

       not been possible because the supply of funds and real resources has been

       disrupted by the reorganization and subsequent dismantling of the central

       USSR administrative apparatus. Among facilities made unserviceable by the

       earthquake are the Yerevan nuclear power plant, which had supplied 40% of

       Armenia's needs for electric power and a plant that produced one-quarter of

       the output of elevators in the former USSR. Armenia has some deposits of

       nonferrous metal ores (bauxite, copper, zinc, and molybdenum) that are

       largely unexploited. For the mid-term, Armenia's economic prospects seem

       particularly bleak because of ethnic strife and the unusually high

       dependence on outside areas, themselves in a chaotic state of

       transformation.

       GDP:

       $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate —10% (1991)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       91%

       Unemployment rate:

       NA%

       Budget:

       revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

       Exports:

       $176 million (f.o.b., 1990)

       commodities:

       machinery and transport equipment, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and

       chemicals (1991)

       partners:

       NA

       Imports:

       $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1990)

       commodities:

       machinery, energy, consumer goods (1991)

       partners:

       NA

       External debt:

       $650 million (December 1991 est.)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate —9.6% (1991)

       Electricity:

       NA kW capacity; 10,433 million kWh produced, about 3,000 kWh per capita

       (1990)

       Industries:

       diverse, including (in percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting

       machine tools (6.7%), forging-pressing machines (4.7%), electric motors

       (8.7%), tires (2.1%), knitted wear (5.6%), hosiery (2.3%), shoes (2.2%),

       silk fabric (5.3%), washing machines (2.0%); also chemicals, trucks,

       watches, instruments, and microelectronics

      :Armenia Economy

      Agriculture:

       only 10% of land area is arable; employs 18% of labor force; citrus, cotton,

       and dairy farming; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other

       liqueurs

       Illicit drugs:

       illicit producer of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a

       transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

       Economic aid:

       NA

       Currency:

       as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency

       Exchange rates:

       NA

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      :Armenia Communications

      Railroads:

       840 km all 1.000-meter gauge (includes NA km electrified); does not include

       industrial lines (1990)

       Highways:

       11,300 km total (1990); 10,500 km hard surfaced, 800 km earth

       Inland waterways:

       NA km perennially navigable

       Pipelines:

       NA

       Ports:

       none - landlocked

       Merchant marine:

       none:

       landlocked

       Civil air:

       none

       Airports:

       NA total, NA usable; NA with permanent-surface runways; NA with runways over

       3,659 m; NA with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       Armenia has about 260,000 telephones, of which about 110,000 are in Yerevan;

       average telephone density is 8 per 100 persons; international connections to

       other former republics of the USSR are by landline or microwave and to other

       countries by satellite and by leased connection through the Moscow

       international gateway switch; broadcast stations - 100% of population

       receives Armenian and Russian TV programs; satellite earth station -

       СКАЧАТЬ