The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ intendancies are to become full departments and a capital district (distrito

       capital) of Santa Fe de Bogota is to be established by 1997

       Independence:

       20 July 1810 (from Spain)

       Constitution:

       5 July 1991

       Legal system:

       based on Spanish law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme

       Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

       National holiday:

       Independence Day, 20 July (1810)

       Executive branch:

       president, presidential designate, Cabinet

       Legislative branch:

       bicameral Congress (Congreso) consists of a nationally elected upper chamber

       or Senate (Senado) and a nationally elected lower chamber or House of

       Representatives (Camara de Representantes)

       Judicial branch:

       Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justica)

       Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government:

       President Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo (since 7 August 1990)

       Political parties and leaders:

       Liberal Party (PL), Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo, president; Social Conservative

       Party (PCS), Misael PASTRANA Borrero; National Salvation Movement (MSN),

       Alvaro GOMEZ Hurtado; Democratic Alliance M-19 (AD/M-19) is headed by 19th

       of April Movement (M-19) leader Antonio NAVARRO Wolf, coalition of small

       leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives; Patriotic Union

       (UP) is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of

       Colombia (FARC) and Colombian Communist Party (PCC), Carlos ROMERO

       Suffrage:

       universal at age 18

       Elections:

       President:

       last held 27 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994); results - Cesar GAVIRIA

       Trujillo (Liberal) 47%, Alvaro GOMEZ Hurtado (National Salvation Movement)

       24%, Antonio NAVARRO Wolff (M-19) 13%, Rodrigo LLOREDA (Conservative) 12%

       Senate:

       last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held March 1994); results - percent of

       vote by party NA; seats - (102 total) Liberal 58, Conservative 22, AD/M-19

       9, MSN 5, UP 1, others 7

      :Colombia Government

      House of Representatives:

       last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held March 1994); results - percent of

       vote by party NA; seats - (161 total) Liberal 87, Conservative 31, AD/M-19

       13, MSN 10, UP 3, other 17

       Communists:

       18,000 members (est.), including Communist Party Youth Organization (JUCO)

       Other political or pressure groups:

       three insurgent groups are active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces

       of Colombia (FARC), led by Manuel MARULANDA and Alfonso CANO; National

       Liberation Army (ELN), led by Manuel PEREZ; and dissidents of the recently

       demobilized People's Liberation Army (EPL) led by Francisco CARABALLO

       Member of:

       AG, CDB, CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-3, G-11, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,

       ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,

       INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, LORCS, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG,

       UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

       Diplomatic representation:

       Ambassador Jaime GARCIA Parra; Chancery at 2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington,

       DC 20008; telephone (202) 387-8338; there are Colombian Consulates General

       in Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San

       Juan (Puerto Rico), and Consulates in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles,

       and Tampa

       US:

       Ambassador Morris D. BUSBY; Embassy at Calle 38, No. 8-61, Bogota (mailing

       address is P. O. Box A. A. 3831, Bogota or APO AA 34038); telephone [57] (1)

       285-1300 or 1688; FAX [571] 288-5687; there is a US Consulate in

       Barranquilla

       Flag:

       three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar

       to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of

       arms superimposed in the center

      :Colombia Economy

      Overview:

       Economic development has slowed gradually since 1986, but growth rates

       remain high by Latin American standards. Conservative economic policies have

       kept inflation and unemployment near 30% and 10%, respectively. The rapid

       development of oil, coal, and other nontraditional industries over the past

       four years has helped to offset the decline in coffee prices - Colombia's

       major export. The collapse of the International Coffee Agreement in the

       summer of 1989, a troublesome rural insurgency, and drug-related violence

       have dampened growth, but significant economic reforms are likely to

       facilitate a resurgent economy in the medium term. These reforms center on

       fiscal restraint, trade liberalization, and privatization of state utilities

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