Patty's Industrial Hygiene, Hazard Recognition. Группа авторов

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СКАЧАТЬ 0.00969 261 93.7 0.01067 285 85.8 0.01166 238 102.7 0.00973 262 93.3 0.01072 286 85.5 0.01170 239 102.3 0.00978 263 93.0 0.01076 287 85.2 0.01174 240 101.9 0.00982 264 92.6 0.01080 288 84.9 0.01178 241 101.5 0.00986 265 92.3 0.01084 289 84.6 0.01182 242 101.0 0.00990 266 91.9 0.01088 290 84.3 0.01186 243 100.6 0.00994 267 91.6 0.01092 291 84.0 0.01190 244 100.2 0.00998 268 91.2 0.01096 292 83.7 0.01194 245 99.8 0.01002 269 90.9 0.01100 293 83.4 0.01198 246 99.4 0.01006 270 90.6 0.01104 294 83.2 0.01202 247 99.0 0.01010 271 90.2 0.01108 295 82.9 0.01207 248 98.6 0.01014 272 89.9 0.01112 296 82.6 0.01211 249 98.2 0.01018 273 89.6 0.01117 297 82.3 0.01215 250 97.8 0.01022 274 89.2 0.01121 298 82.0 0.01219 251 97.4 0.01027 275 88.9 0.01125 299 81.8 0.01223 252 97.0 0.01031 276 88.6 0.01129 300 81.5 0.01227

      ^a A. C. Fieldner, S. H. Katz, and S. P. Kinney, “Gas Masks for Gases Met in Fighting Fires,” U.S.

      Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper No. 248, 1921.

Part I INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AS A PROFESSION: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW

      BARBARA J. DAWSON MS CIH CSP FAIHA, KYLE B. DOTSON CIH CSP BCEE, FAYE GRIMSLEY PH.D. CIH MSPH, THOMAS GRUMBLES CIH FAIHA, ZACK MANSDORF PH.D. CIH CSP QEP FAIHA, DAVID ROSKELLEY MSPH CIH CSP FAIHA, JENNIFER SAHMEL MPH CIH CSP FAIHA, NOEL TRESIDER AM FAIOH, AND CANDACE TSAI SCD CIH

1 INTRODUCTION: THE RATIONALE FOR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PRACTICE

      In the first edition of Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology in 1948, Mr. Frank A. Patty defined industrial hygiene as: “the concept of anticipating and recognizing potentially harmful situations and applying engineering control measures before serious injury results.” (1, p. v). The rationale for industrial hygiene has continued to evolve since that time. Seventy years later, in this now Seventh Edition of the original Patty's textbook, the profession is still concerned with the same worthy goals described by Mr. Patty but has expanded the rationale for the profession to encompass a number of important additional aspects of this practice. Some examples of these aspects include improved approaches to exposure and risk assessment for evaluating and characterizing workplace stressors. In addition, the practice of industrial hygiene has expanded the list of agents considered to be stressors to encompass not only chemical, physical, and biological stressors, but also ergonomic, physiological, psychological, and behavioral stressors. And finally, improved recognition of the interaction and effects of workplace health on family, community, and public health has become an increasing focus of the industrial hygiene profession. These new elements have manifested through management approaches, product stewardship, and programs such as, in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Total Worker Health^® (TWH) program. Both generalists and specialists within the profession are working to address these enhanced and worthy goals, and the rationale for industrial hygiene practice continues to evolve. This chapter presents an analysis of this evolution and also provides an updated working definition of industrial hygiene as well as a discussion of the current and future rationale and practice of industrial hygiene.

The terms industrial hygiene and occupational hygiene are used to describe essentially the same profession. Industrial hygiene was the term used in the United States (US) when the profession first started, however, throughout most of the rest of the world the term Occupational Hygiene is used. For the purposes of this chapter, СКАЧАТЬ