The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland,

       Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island,

       Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*

      Independence: 1 July 1867 (from UK)

      National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

      Constitution: amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to

       Canada 17 April 1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs

      Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where

       civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory

       ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), a

       hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC

       (since 8 February 1995), who was appointed by the queen

       head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November

       1993) was appointed by the governor general; on 25 October 1993;

       Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS (since NA); note - the prime

       minister is the leader of the political party commanding a majority

       in the House of Commons

       cabinet: Federal Ministry was chosen by the prime minister from

       members of his own party sitting in Parliament

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlement)

       Senate (Senat): consisting of a body whose members are appointed to

       serve until 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on

       the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104 senators

       House of Commons (Chambre des Communes): elections last held 25

       October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent

       of votes by party NA; seats - (295 total) Liberal Party 179, Bloc

       Quebecois 53, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive

       Conservative Party 2, independents 1

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc

       Quebecois, Michel GAUTHIER; Reform Party, Preston MANNING; New

       Democratic Party, Alexa MCDONOUGH; Progressive Conservative Party,

       Jean CHAREST

      International organization participation: ACCT, AfDB, AG

       (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB

       (non-regional), EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G-

       7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA,

       IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,

       IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD,

       OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR,

       UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL,

       WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond A. J. CHRETIEN

       chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001

       telephone: [1] (202) 682–1740

       FAX: [1] (202) 682–7726

       consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas,

       Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle

       consulate(s): Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia,

       Pittsburgh, Princeton, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, and San

       Juan (Puerto Rico)

      US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) embassy: 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669–0430 telephone: [1] (613) 238–5335, 4470 FAX: [1] (613) 238–5720 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver

      Flag: three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

      Economy———

      Economic overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Canada started the 1990s in recession, and real rates of growth have averaged only 1.1% so far this decade. Because of slower growth, Canada still faces high unemployment and a large public sector debt. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, however, Canada will enjoy better economic prospects in the future. The continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas is raising the possibility of a split in the confederation, making foreign investors somewhat edgy.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $694 billion (1995 est.)

      GDP real growth rate: 2.1% (1995 est.)

      GDP per capita: $24,400 (1995 est.)

      GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 2% industry: 26% services: 72% (1994)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.4% (1995 est.)

      Labor force: 13.38 million by occupation: services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4% (1988)

      Unemployment rate: 9.5% (1995)

      Budget:

       revenues: $90.4 billion

       expenditures: $114.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (FY94/95 est.)

      Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

      Industrial production growth СКАЧАТЬ