The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ male: 99%

       female: 97%

      Government—————

      Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Belarus conventional short form: Belarus local long form: Respublika Byelarus' local short form: none former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

      Data code: BO

      Type of government: republic

      Capital: Minsk

      Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts') and one municipality* (harady, singular - horad); Brestskaya (Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'), Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya (Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow), Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk) note: the administrative centers of the voblastsi are included in parentheses

      Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union); the Belarussian Supreme Soviet issued a proclamation of independence; on 17 July 1990 Belarus issued a declaration of sovereignty

      National holiday: Independence Day, 27 July (1990)

      Constitution: adopted 15 March 1994; replaces constitution of

       April 1978

      Legal system: based on civil law system

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)

       was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held

       24 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results -

       Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 85%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 15%

       head of government: Prime Minister Mikhail CHIGIR (since NA July

       1994) was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers

       Vladimir GARKUN (since NA), Sergey LING (since NA), Leonid SINITSYN

       (since NA), Valeriy KOKAREV (since NA), Vladimir RUSAKEVICH (since

       NA)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers

       note: first presidential elections took place in June-July 1994

      Legislative branch: unicameral

       Supreme Soviet: elections last held May, Nov-Dec 1995 (two rounds,

       each with a run-off; next to be held NA 2000); results - percent of

       vote by party NA; seats - (260 total) KPB 42, Agrarian 33, CAB 9,

       Party of People's Concord 8, UPNAZ 2, SDPB 2, BPR 1, Green Party 1,

       Republican Party of Labor and Justice 1, BSP 1, NFB 1, Social and

       Sports Party 1, Ecological Party 1, independents 95, vacant 62

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the

       president; Constitutional Court

      Political parties and leaders: Belarusian Communist Party (KPB),

       Vasiliy NOVIKOV, Viktor CHIKIN, chairmen; Agrarian Party, Semen

       SHARETSKIY; Civic Accord Bloc (CAB); Party of People's Concord,

       Gennadiy KARPENKO; Party of All-Belarusian Unity and Concord

       (UPNAZ), Dmitriy BULAKOV; Belarusian Social-Democrat Hramada (SDBP),

       Alex TRUSOV; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (BPR), Anatol

       BARANKEVICH; Green Party of Belarus, Mikalay KARTASH; Republican

       Party of Labor and Justice, Anatol NETSILKIN; Belarus Peasants

       (BSP), Yevgeniy LUGIN, chairman; Belarusian Popular Front (NFB),

       Zenon POZNYAK, chairman; Belarusian Social Sports Party, Vladimir

       ALEKSANDROVICH; Ecological Party, Aleksiy MIKULICH; National

       Democratic Party of Belarus (NDPB), Victor NAVUMENKA; United

       Democratic Party of Belarus (ADPB), Aleksandr DOBROVOLSKIY;

       Belarusian Socialist Party (SPB), Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV; Slavic

       Assembly (SAB), Nikolai SYARECHEV; Liberal-Democratic Party (LDPB),

       Vasil KRIVENKA; Belarusian Christian-Democratic Unity (BKDZ), Petr

       SILKO; Polish Democratic Union (PDZ), Konstantin TARASEVICH; Party

       of Beer Lovers, Yuriy GONCHAR; Belarusian Labor Party (BPP),

       Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV

      International organization participation: CCC, CE (guest), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (applicant)

      Diplomatic representation in US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Sergey Nikolayevich MARTYNOV

       chancery: 1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

       telephone: [1] (202) 986–1604

       FAX: [1] (202) 986–1805

       consulate(s) general: New York

      US diplomatic representation:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth Spencer YALOWITZ

       embassy: Starovilenskaya #46–220002, Minsk

       mailing address: use embassy street address

       telephone: [375] (172) 31–50-00

       FAX: [375] (172) 34–78-53

      Flag: red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe of white on the hoist side bears in red the Belarusian national ornament

      Economy———

      Economic overview: At the time of independence in late 1991, Belarus was one of the most developed of the former Soviet states, inheriting a modern - by Soviet standards - machine building sector and robust agricultural sector. However, the breakup of the Soviet Union and its traditional trade ties, as well as the government's failure to embrace market reforms, has resulted in a sharp economic decline. Privatization is virtually nonexistent and the system of state orders and distribution persists. Although President LUKASHENKO pronounces his 1995 macro stabilization policies a success - annual inflation dropped from 2,220% in 1994 to 244% in 1995 - the IMF has criticized his insistence on maintaining the steady exchange rate for Belarusian rubel, which has traded at 11,500 to the dollar since late 1994. The IMF suspended Minsk's $300 million standby program in November 1995 until the government СКАЧАТЬ