The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos

       Exchange rates:

       Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 430.57 (January 1994), 404.35 (1993),

       362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990), 267.16 (1989)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      @Chile, Communications

      Railroads:

       7,766 km total; 3,974 km 1.676-meter gauge, 150 km 1.435-meter

       standard gauge, 3,642 km 1.000-meter gauge; 1,865 km 1.676-meter gauge

       and 80 km 1.000-meter gauge electrified

       Highways:

       total:

       79,993 km

       paved:

       10,984 km

       unpaved:

       gravel or earth 68,615 km (1990)

       Inland waterways:

       725 km

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km

       Ports:

       Antofagasta, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, Valparaiso, San

       Antonio, Talcahuano, Arica

       Merchant marine:

       31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 449,253 GRT/755,821 DWT, bulk

       10, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination ore/oil 3, liquefied gas

       tanker 3, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3

       note:

       in addition, 1 naval tanker and 1 military transport are sometimes

       used commercially

       Airports:

       total:

       392

       usable:

       349

       with permanent-surface runways:

       47

       with runways over 3,659 m:

       0

       with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

       13

       with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

       58

       Telecommunications:

       modern telephone system based on extensive microwave radio relay

       facilities; 768,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 159 AM, no FM,

       131 TV, 11 shortwave; satellite ground stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean

       INTELSAT and 3 domestic

      @Chile, Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Army of the Nation, National Navy (including Naval Air, Coast Guard,

       and Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National

       Police), Investigative Police

       Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49 3,705,321; fit for military service 2,759,130; reach

       military age (19) annually 120,512 (1994 est.)

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 3.4% of GDP (1991 est.)

      @China

      Header Affiliation: (also see separate Taiwan entry)

      @China, Geography

      Location:

       Eastern Asia, between India and Mongolia

       Map references:

       Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       9,596,960 sq km

       land area:

       9,326,410 sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly larger than the US

       Land boundaries:

       total 22,143.34 km, Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km,

       Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea

       1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia

       4,673 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605

       km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km

       Coastline:

       14,500 km

       Maritime claims:

       continental shelf:

       claim to shallow areas of East China Sea and Yellow Sea

       territorial sea:

       12 nm

       International disputes:

       boundary with India; bilateral negotiations are under way to resolve

       disputed sections of the boundary with Russia; boundary with

       Tajikistan in dispute; a short section of the boundary with North

       Korea is indefinite; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly

       Islands with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly

       Brunei; maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin;

       Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan;

       claims Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu

       Tai), as does Taiwan

       Climate:

       extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

       СКАЧАТЬ