The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

       males age 15–49 701,728; fit for military service 367,264

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $23 million, 1.8% of GDP (1989 est.)

      @Chad, Geography

      Location:

       Central Africa, between the Central African Republic and Libya

       Map references:

       Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       1.284 million sq km

       land area:

       1,259,200 sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly more than three times the size of California

       Land boundaries:

       total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km,

       Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

       Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

       Maritime claims:

       none; landlocked

       International disputes:

       the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that

       the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad,

       and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya had

       withdrawn its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but as of June

       1994 still maintained an airfield in the disputed area; demarcation of

       international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to

       border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification

       by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

       Climate:

       tropical in south, desert in north

       Terrain:

       broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,

       lowlands in south

       Natural resources:

       petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron,

       kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)

       Land use:

       arable land:

       2%

       permanent crops:

       0%

       meadows and pastures:

       36%

       forest and woodland:

       11%

       other:

       51%

       Irrigated land:

       100 sq km (1989 est.)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       desertification

       natural hazards:

       hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts;

       subject to locust plagues

       international agreements:

       party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but

       not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine

       Dumping

       Note:

       landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

      @Chad, People

      Population:

       5,466,771 (July 1994 est.)

       Population growth rate:

       2.15% (1994 est.)

       Birth rate:

       42.12 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Death rate:

       20.59 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Net migration rate:

       0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Infant mortality rate:

       131.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       total population:

       40.79 years

       male:

       39.7 years

       female:

       41.94 years (1994 est.)

       Total fertility rate:

       5.33 children born/woman (1994 est.)

       Nationality:

       noun:

       Chadian(s)

       adjective:

       Chadian

       Ethnic divisions:

       north and center:

       Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,

       Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)

       south:

       non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)

       nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French

       Religions:

       Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25%

       Languages:

       French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in

       south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken

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